Langerhans cell histiocytosis present in a 1-day-old girl: a case report

Abstract

Abstract Background Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare condition characterized by diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from cutaneous lesions to systemic involvement. Although Langerhans cell histiocytosis occurs infrequently in newborns, its diagnosis during this period presents significant challenges. Case presentation A 1-day-old Chinese female infant presented with multiple red papules at birth and was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis following a second skin biopsy. Despite symptomatic treatment, the child experienced recurrent fever and gastrointestinal bleeding. Tafinlar treatment was initiated at 2 months of age, which improved her symptoms. Conclusion Prompt identification of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in newborns remains challenging owing to the disease’s complexity and varied clinical manifestations; thus, it is essential to advance pathological technologies for Langerhans cell histiocytosis detection.

Keywords

• Langerhans-cell histiocytosis
• Congenital rash
• Infant
• Newborn