Sulphanilamide degradation by undoped and copper doped ZnO, and ferromagnetic properties of fresh, aged, and heat-treated aged ZnO
Daphne Mary John,
Sreerag Kaaliveetil,
Yadhu J. Nair,
S. Sruthy,
P. Lasya,
Ramanujam Brahmadesam Thoopul Srinivasa Raghava,
G. Sivasubramanian,
K.M. Sreedhar,
K.M. Sreekanth
Affiliations
Daphne Mary John
Department of Physics, Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 641112, India; Advanced Multifunctional Materials and Analysis Laboratory (AMMAL), School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, India
Sreerag Kaaliveetil
Department of Physics, Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 641112, India; Advanced Multifunctional Materials and Analysis Laboratory (AMMAL), School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, India
Yadhu J. Nair
Department of Physics, Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 641112, India; Advanced Multifunctional Materials and Analysis Laboratory (AMMAL), School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, India
S. Sruthy
Department of Physics, Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 641112, India; Advanced Multifunctional Materials and Analysis Laboratory (AMMAL), School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, India
P. Lasya
Department of Physics, Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 641112, India; Advanced Multifunctional Materials and Analysis Laboratory (AMMAL), School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, India
Ramanujam Brahmadesam Thoopul Srinivasa Raghava
Department of Physics, Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 641112, India; Functional Materials Laboratory, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, India
G. Sivasubramanian
Advanced Multifunctional Materials and Analysis Laboratory (AMMAL), School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, India; Department of Chemistry, Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 641112, India; Corresponding author. Advanced Multifunctional Materials and Analysis Laboratory (AMMAL), School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, India.
K.M. Sreedhar
Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, 690525, India; Corresponding author. Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, 690525, India.
K.M. Sreekanth
Department of Physics, Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 641112, India; Advanced Multifunctional Materials and Analysis Laboratory (AMMAL), School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, India; Corresponding author. Department of Physics, Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 641112, India.
This work looks into how well Cu-doped zinc oxide works as a photocatalyst when exposed to visible light to break down sulphanilamide. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD and then FTIR techniques for structural besides compositional analysis. The approximate value of bandgap found out by NBE values of PL spectra showed a decrease in bandgap with doping. Deconvoluted PL spectra revealed the presence of radiative recombination pathways associated with zinc interstitial and zinc vacancy in addition to band-to-band recombination in all samples. FESEM images showed a nanoflake shape for pure ZnO, while Cu-ZnO had a pseudo-spherical shape. SQUID-VSM was adopted to understand the magnetic nature of freshly prepared, heated, and unheated aged samples. Ferromagnetic behavior was observed with saturation magnetization of 5.56 × 10−4, 2.88 × 10−4, and 2.78 × 10−4 emu/g for freshly prepared, heated, and unheated aged samples, respectively. A 2 % Cu-doped sample exhibited the highest efficiency of 92.3 % towards the degradation of sulphanilamide. Since we got better efficiency for 2 % Cu-ZnO, we should further decrease the doping percentage and check whether we will get even higher efficiency in the future. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ternary ZnO compounds, codoped ZnO, should be evaluated, yet another future scope.
