International Journal of Nanomedicine (Dec 2019)
Review of the Application of Nanovesicles and the Human Interstitial Fluid in Gastrointestinal Premalignant Lesion Detection, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy
Abstract
Yu Huang,1 Xin Deng,2,3 Jian Liang4 1Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou 545001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China; 3Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xin DengGuangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 800 Dongchuan Road, Nanning 530001, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail [email protected]: Premalignant lesions arise from cells that abnormally proliferate and have a tendency to become cancerous. Developing methods to specifically target and remove these premalignant lesions is imperative to the prevention of malignant progression into gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. However, accurate detection and diagnosis of GI precancerous lesions is challenging, as these lesions show little or no structural change. Thus, this prevents early intervention and reduces the success rate of therapy. In this review, we performed a systematic analysis of the technological advancements in the combined application of nanovesicles (NVs) and the human interstitial fluid (HIF) to specifically target GI premalignant lesions. NVs, which include quantum dots (QDs), are small membranous vehicles of a nanometer diameter that are widely used as drug delivery vectors, therapeutic effectors and diagnostic sensors. HIF is the fluid that is present in human interstitial tissues (HITs) in which signaling molecules and agents travel and can be found throughout the body. HIF is exploited by tumor cells for their invasion, migration and spread. Because the HITs span the entire submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, they have been increasingly targeted in GI tumor therapy. The challenges involved in the combined application of NVs and HIF in the detection, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of GI premalignant lesions are also discussed.Keywords: gastrointestinal premalignant lesions, nanovesicles, human interstitium
