The role of biomarkers in dilated cardiomyopathy: Assessment of clinical severity and reverse remodeling

Abstract

Introduction: Biomarkers in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) reflect various pathobiological processes, including neurohormonal activation, oxidative stress, matrix remodeling, myocyte injury and myocyte stretch. We assessed the role of biomarkers in clinical and echocardiographic parameters and in left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling (LVRR). Methods: In this prospective study of 50 DCM patients (28 men, aged 59±10 years) with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) 10 U in LVEF after optimal medical therapy. Results: Baseline LVEF was 25.4±9.8% and LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)/body surface area (BSA) was 34.2±4.5 mm/m2. LVRR occurred in 34% of patients within 17.6±15.6 months. No correlation was found between B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), CA-125, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], noradrenaline, adrenaline, renin or aldosterone and LVRR. Patients in NYHA class III or IV, with pulmonary congestion or ankle edema, had higher CA-125, cystatin C, BNP and hs-CRP levels (p10 U da LVEF, após a terapêutica médica otimizada. Resultados: A LVEF basal foi de 25,4±9,8% e o diâmetro do VE (LVD)/BSA de 34,2±4,5 mm/m2. A LVRR ocorreu em 34%, em 17,6±15,6 meses. Não houve correlação entre BNP, 25-OH-vit D, CA 125, hsCRP, Lp(a), noradrenalina, adrenalina, renina, aldosterona e LVRR. Doentes em classe NYHA (III-IV), com congestão pulmonar ou edema periférico apresentaram níveis mais elevados de CA 125, cistatina C, BNP e hsCRP (p<0,05). O CA 125 correlacionou-se com níveis de BNP (r=0,61), hsCRP (r=0,56) e ácido úrico (r=0,52) (p=0,01). O BNP relacionou-se diretamente com LVD (r=0,49), volume VE (r=0,51), PSAP (r=0,43), razão E/e′ (r=0,31); e inversamente com LVEF (r=-0,50) e vel. e′ (r=-0,32) (p<0,05). O CA 125 correlacionou-se com o volume AE/BSA (r=0,46), razão E/A (r=0,60) e PSAP (r=0,49) (p<0,05). Conclusões: Não houve correlação entre biomarcadores e LVRR, contudo, o CA125, BNP e hsCRP foram preditores de gravidade clínica e de congestão. O BNP relacionou-se com parâmetros de disfunção sistólica e diastólica, enquanto o CA 125 se relacionou com medidas de disfunção diastólica. Keywords: Biomarkers, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Reverse remodeling, Palavras-chave: Biomarcadores, Miocardiopatia dilatada, Remodelagem reversa