Dystonic hyperkinesias in children of early childhood

Abstract

Dystonic hyperkinesias in children of early childhood may beinvolved in the structure of many syndromes that have differentetiological factors, prognosis, and treatment. This review presentsvarious clinical types of dystonias: benign idiopathic formsof dystonia with onset in the first year of life, dystonic syndromesassociated with residual damage to the nervous system, hereditaryidiopathic dystonias, symptomatic dystonias, and also somesimilar conditions. Diagnosing of dystonia in children requiresthe use of a wide range of examinations, including neuroimaging,continuous video EEG monitoring, and genetic studies. Thedifferential diagnosis of dystonias in children is carried out withdifferent paroxysmal conditions of childhood that can be of epilepticand non-epileptic nature.

Keywords

• dystonia
• early childhood
• genetic heterogeneity
• diagnosis
• mri
• video eeg monitoring