An in vitro method to evaluate hemolysis of human red blood cells (RBCs) treated by airborne particulate matter (PM10)
Alireza Mesdaghinia,
Zahra Pourpak,
Kazem Naddafi,
Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi,
Zahra Alizadeh,
Soheila Rezaei,
Amir Mohammadi,
Maryam Faraji
Affiliations
Alireza Mesdaghinia
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Zahra Pourpak
Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Kazem Naddafi
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Zahra Alizadeh
Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Soheila Rezaei
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
Amir Mohammadi
Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
Maryam Faraji
Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Corresponding author at: Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Medical University Campus, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, Postal Code: 7616913555, Iran.
Air pollutants are capable to enter bloodstream through the nose, mouth, skin and the digestive tract. Hemolysis is the premature destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) membranes. This can affect metabolism of RBCs and reduce cell life. Each of these adverse effects could lead to anemia, jaundice and other pathological conditions. Hemolysis can induce by the mineral components adsorbed on the particles. The aim of this study was to evaluate hemolysis of RBCs treated by airborne PM10 (PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) in vitro. Study had two main stages including sampling and preparation of PM10 suspension, and hemolysis test. Particle samples were collected by means of a high-volume sampler on fiberglass filters. The PM10 was extracted through dry ultrasonic method. Blood sample was incubated by PM10 at concentrations 50–300 μg/mL for 3 h. Hemolysis percent was assessed through measurement of Hemoglobin concentration in test samples and total blood hemoglobin (TBH) sample by the cyanmethemoglobin method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test were applied to compare mean values of hemolysis percent between different PM concentrations.Method used in current study is suggested for investigation of toxic effects of airborne particle matter (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) on human RBCs. Method name: Effect of airborne particulate matter on hemolysis in vitro, Keywords: Cyanmethemoglobin, Hemoglobine, Hemolysis percent, Air pollution, Dry extraction, In vitro test, ASTM standard E2524-08, Hemolytic samples
