Wastewater treatment using plant-derived bioflocculants: green chemistry approach for safe environment

Abstract

The rapid expansion of global trade and human activities has resulted in a massive increase in wastewater pollution into the atmosphere. Suspended solids, organic and inorganic particles, dissolved solids, heavy metals, dyes, and other impurities contained in wastewater from various sources are toxic to the atmosphere and pose serious health risks to humans and animals. Coagulation–flocculation technology is commonly used in wastewater treatment to remove cell debris, colloids, and contaminants in a comfortable and effective manner. Flocculants, both organic and inorganic, have long been used in wastewater treatment. However, because of their low performance, non-biodegradability, and associated health risks, their use has been limited. The use of eco-friendly bioflocculants in wastewater treatment has become essential due to the health implications of chemical flocculants. Because of their availability, biodegradability, and protection, plant-derived coagulants/flocculants and plant-based grafted bioflocculants have recently made significant progress in wastewater treatment. This study will undoubtedly provide a clearer understanding of the current state, challenges, and solutions for bioflocculation in wastewater remediation using green materials for the sake of a cleaner climate. HIGHLIGHTS Plant mucilage as a cost-effective and eco-friendly natural bioflocculant.; It can serve as a potential bioflocculant for treatment of wastewaters released from different sources.; Significant removal of pollutants from wastewaters revealed the novelty of plant mucilage as a bioflocculant.; It throws light on their applications aiming to exploit the green materials for remediation of wastewater.;

Keywords

• biodegradable green bioflocculants
• eco-friendly
• environment
• flocculation activity
• plant-derived bioflocculants
• wastewater treatment