Revista Colombiana de Cirugía (Dec 2010)
Accidentes biológicos en médicos residentes de Bucaramanga, Colombia Biological accidents in hospital resident physicians in the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia
Abstract
Introducción. El riesgo biológico es el más frecuente en el ambiente laboral de los trabajadores del área de la salud. Los médicos residentes son particularmente vulnerables debido a su relativa inexperiencia y a que se encuentran expuestos a muchos pacientes y jornadas laborales largas. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia, caracterización y factores asociados a los accidentes biológicos en los médicos residentes. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal con los médicos residentes de las especializaciones médicas y quirúrgicas en la Universidad Industrial de Santander. Resultados. De 79 médicos residentes, respondieron la encuesta 73 (92,4%). De éstos, 49,3% utilizaban rutinariamente protección completa (guantes, tapabocas y gafas); 35 (48%) reportaron haber sufrido al menos un accidente biológico en su vida y 29 (39,8%) reportaron haber sufrido al menos uno durante la residencia. El 31% no reportó el último accidente. Como factores asociados, se encontró que cursar un programa de residencia quirúrgico comparado con un médico ofrece una razón de prevalencia de 3,17 (IC95% 1,27-7,94; p=0,014); por otra parte, el hecho de haber sufrido un accidente biológico como estudiante de medicina en pregrado da una razón de prevalencia de 2,55 (IC95% 1,53-4,27; pIntroduction: Biological risk is most frequent among health care workers. Resident physicians are particularly susceptible due to their relative inexperience and exposure to high volume of patients and long workdays. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, characterization and associated factors of biological accidents among hospital resident physicians. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study on resident physicians in surgical and medical services at Universidad Industrial de Santander (Bucaramanga, Colombia). Results: Of 79 resident physicians, 73 (92.4%) answered the survey. Of these, 49.3% routinely used complete protection (gloves, face mask and protective eyewear); 35 (48%) reported having sustained at least one accident in their lifetimes, and 29 (39.8%) reported at least one accident during the course of their residencies. The last accident was not reported by 31%. Factors found to be associated with a biological accident during residency were a surgical residency, which compared to a medical residency yields a PR=3.17 (CI 95% 1.27 – 7.94; p=0.014); also, having sustained a biological accident as an undergraduate medical student yields a PR=2.55 (CI 95% 1.53 – 4.27; p<0.001). Conclusions: Biological accidents are frequent among resident physicians, especially those on surgical residencies and most occur inside the operating room. Strategies aimed at reducing the number of biological accidents carried out in a systematic way and measures to make reporting easier are needed.
