Examining the impact of experiencing auditory verbal hallucinations from a first-person perspective on the degree of empathy and stigmatization in a group of psychology students: A study using 360° immersive videos

Abstract

Background: Stigmatization toward psychosis is persistent among mental health professionals (MHPs) and negatively impacts the patients' outcomes. One suggested way of reducing stigmatization is to expose MHPs to simulations of psychotic symptoms. This approach has been associated with an increase in empathy, but also with an increase in the desire of social distance. The addition of an empathic task (ET) has been suggested to neutralize this effect on social distance. The present study aims to (1) examine the effect of a remotely administered 360° immersive video (360IV) simulation on empathy and stigma among psychology students and (2) replicate the neutralizing effect of an ET on social distance. Finally, the potential role of immersive properties on changes will also be explored. Methods: A 360IV simulating auditory hallucinations was constructed in collaboration with patient partners. 121 psychology students were allocated to one of three conditions: (i) exposure to the 360IV, (ii) exposure to the 360IV and to an ET (360IV + ET), and (iii) no exposure (control). Measures of empathy and stigma (stereotypes and social distance) were collected before and after the interventions. Results: An increase of empathy was observed in the 360IV and 360IV + ET conditions compared to the control condition. There was an increase of stereotypes in all conditions and no effect on social distance. Conclusions: This study confirms the effectiveness of a 360IV simulation intervention in increasing empathy in psychology students but questions its efficacy in reducing stigma.

Keywords

• Psychotic disorders
• Stereotyping
• Empathy
• 360-degree immersive videos