Microstructure and Superconducting Properties of Bi-2223 Synthesized via Co-Precipitation Method: Effects of Graphene Nanoparticle Addition
Siti Nabilah Abdullah,
Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik,
Aliah Nursyahirah Kamarudin,
Zainal Abidin Talib,
Hussein Baqiah,
Chen Soo Kien,
Lim Kean Pah,
Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim,
Muhammad Kashfi Shabdin,
Abdul Halim Shaari,
Azhan Hashim,
Nurbaisyatul Ermiza Suhaimi,
Muralidhar Miryala
Affiliations
Siti Nabilah Abdullah
Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik
Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Aliah Nursyahirah Kamarudin
Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Zainal Abidin Talib
Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
Hussein Baqiah
Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, No. 566 University Rd. West, Dezhou 253023, China
Chen Soo Kien
Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Lim Kean Pah
Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim
Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Muhammad Kashfi Shabdin
Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Abdul Halim Shaari
Laboratory of Superconductor and Thin Films, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
Azhan Hashim
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Jengka 26400, Malaysia
Nurbaisyatul Ermiza Suhaimi
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Jengka 26400, Malaysia
Muralidhar Miryala
Materials for Energy and Environmental Laboratory, Superconducting Materials, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3 Chome-7-5 Toyosu, Koto, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
The effects of graphene addition on the phase formation and superconducting properties of (Bi1.6Pb0.4)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi-2223) ceramics synthesized using the co-precipitation method were systematically investigated. Series samples of Bi-2223 were added with different weight percentages (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 wt.%) of graphene nanoparticles. The samples’ phase formations and crystal structures were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the superconducting critical temperatures, Tc, were investigated using alternating current susceptibility (ACS). The XRD showed that a high-Tc phase, Bi-2223, and a small low-Tc phase, Bi-2212, dominated the samples. The volume fraction of the Bi-2223 phase increased for the sample with x = 0.3 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% of graphene and slightly reduced at x = 1.0 wt.%. The ACS showed that the onset critical temperature, Tc-onset, phase lock-in temperature, Tcj, and coupling peak temperature, TP, decreased when graphene was added to the samples. The susceptibility–temperature (χ′-T) and (χ″-T) curves of each sample, where χ′ and χ″ are the real and imaginary parts of the susceptibility, respectively, were obtained. The critical temperature of the pure sample was also measured.
