Mitral valve calcinosis as an important finding during heart examination

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mitral valve calcinosis is a chronic degenerative process in the fibrous structures of the mitral valve. Advanced stages increase the risk of endocarditis and cardiac rhythm disturbances and contribute to cardiovascular mortality. The cause of mitral valve calcinosis is still controversial; however, the contribution of atherosclerosis to its development is currently undisputed. The prevalence of mitral valve calcinosis varies in different age groups and on average is higher in people with cardiovascular disease. AIM: To assess the prevalence of mitral valve calcinosis in patients undergoing computed tomography angiography and identify the relationship between aortic and mitral valve calcinosis and coronary calcium index and signs of remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 336 patients who underwent computed tomography coronary angiography with intravenous contrast enhancement at the Lomonosov Moscow State University Clinic between November 13, 2020, and May 14, 2022, was conducted. RESULTS: The prevalence of aortic (16.4%) and mitral (11%) valve calcinosis was high in people undergoing cardiovascular examination, and a relationship was noted between valve calcinosis and coronary calcium index. CONCLUSION: The detection of mitral valve calcinosis in patients during routine examination is important in predicting further treatment and outcomes because valve calcinosis is an indirect indicator of coronary heart disease risk. Although valve calcinosis is usually an incidental examination finding, it may indicate a high cardiovascular risk and should prompt further evaluation, if clinically necessary.

Keywords

• mitral valve
• calcinosis
• computed tomography
• magnetic resonance imaging
• echocardiography