Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (Sep 2008)
Prevalência de doença arterial coronariana e avaliação pré-operatória em portadores de valvopatia Prevalence of coronary artery disease and preoperative assessment in patients with valvopathy
Abstract
FUNDAMENTO: A coronariografia tem sido indicada no pré-operatório para valvopatas >35 anos. Entretanto, a real prevalência de doença arterial coronariana (DAC) obstrutiva nessa população tem sido pouco estudada. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores de risco para DAC em candidatos para cirurgia valvar no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada angiocoronariografia em 3.736 pacientes candidatos a cirurgia valvar e avaliados prevalência e fatores de risco para DAC associada a valvopatia. RESULTADOS: A DAC esteve associada a valvopatia em 121 pacientes (prevalência 3,42%). Em 79 (68,1%), o diagnóstico de DAC foi feito apenas por coronariografia pré-operatória. Entre esses 79, 50 (63,3%) tinham valvopatia aórtica isolada ou valvopatia aórtica associada a mitral. Tabagismo foi visto em 54 pacientes (68,3%), hipertensão em quatro (43%), história familiar em 24 (30,3%), diabete melito em 15 (18,9%), e obesidade em oito (10,1%). Idade >50 anos foi observada em 95,7% dos 121 pacientes. Apenas cinco (4,3% dos pacientes com DAC) tinham idade 50 anos. A idade ideal para realização da coronariografia pré-operatória de rotina em portadores de valvopatia deveria ser reavaliada.BACKGROUND: Coronary angiography has been indicated in the preoperative phase for patients with valvopathy over 35 years of age. However, the actual prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in this population has been little studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of and the risk factors for CAD in candidates for valve surgery in Brazil. METHODS: Coronary angiography was performed in 3,736 patients who were candidates for valve surgery; prevalence of and risk factors for CAD associated with valvopathy were assessed. RESULTS: CAD was associated with valvopathy in 121 patients (prevalence of 3.42%). In 79 patients (68.1%), CAD was diagnosed by means of preoperative coronary angiography. Of these 79 patients, 50 (63.3%) had isolated aortic valvopathy or aortic valvopathy associated with mitral valvopathy. Smoking habit was observed in 54 patients (68.3%), hypertension in four (43%), family history in 24 (30.3%), diabetes mellitus in 15 (18.9%), and obesity in eight (10.1%). Of the 121 patients, 95.7% were over 50 years of age. Only five (4.3% of the patients with CAD) were below 50 years of age, and all of them had at least one risk factor for CAD. CONCLUSION: CAD prevalence was low in the patients studied. Aortic valvopathy was the most frequent valvopathy associated with CAD, and most patients were over 50 years of age. The ideal age for routine preoperative coronary angiography in patients with valvopathy should be reassessed.
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