国内外米糠油品质的研究Quality of rice bran oil at home and abroad

Abstract

旨在改善国内市售米糠油品质，选取11种国内外来源的米糠油，对其基本理化性质、脂肪酸及甘油酯组成、生物活性成分及有害物质含量进行测定。结果表明：不同来源的米糠油酸值、过氧化值、色泽等基本理化指标均符合国标限定要求；不同来源米糠油脂肪酸组成差别不大，甘油酯组成差异明显；不同来源米糠油中生物活性成分含量差异较大，谷维素含量在3 200~26 000 mg/kg范围内，植物甾醇含量在224~5 197 mg/kg范围内，生育酚含量在35~400 mg/kg范围内，角鲨烯含量在1~12 mg/kg范围内；不同来源米糠油塑化剂及苯并（a）芘含量均符合国标限定要求，然而国产的米糠油中3-氯丙醇酯及缩水甘油酯含量远超欧盟标准。国内米糠油加工企业应改进生产工艺，减少精炼过程中氯丙醇酯及缩水甘油酯的生成。In order to improve the quality of rice bran oil on the domestic market, 11 kinds of rice bran oil from home and abroad were selected, and their basic physicochemical properties, composition of fatty acids and glyceride, contents of bioactive components and harmful substances were analyzed. The results showed that the basic physicochemical indexes of rice bran oil from different sources, such as acid value, peroxide value and color met the requirements of national standards. The fatty acid composition of rice bran oil from different sources had little difference, but the composition of glyceride had obvious difference. In addition, the content of bioactive components in rice bran oil from different sources varied greatly. The contents of oryzanol, phytosterol, tocopherol and squalene in 11 kinds of rice bran oil ranged from 3 200 mg/kg to 26 000 mg/kg, 224 mg/kg to 5 197 mg/kg, 35 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg to 12 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of plasticizer and benzo(a)pyrene in 11 kinds of rice bran oil all met the requirements of national standards, however the contents of 3-chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in rice bran oil from domestic market far exceeded the EU standard. Domestic rice bran oil processing enterprises should improve the production process to reduce the production of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in the refining process.

Keywords

• 米糠油；理化性质；谷维素；缩水甘油酯；氯丙醇酯
• rice bran oil； physicochemical property； oryzanol； glycidyl esters； chloropropanol esters