Red Orange and Lemon Extract Ameliorates the Renal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Ochratoxin A through the Modulation of Nrf2
Consiglia Longobardi,
Sara Damiano,
Simona Fabroni,
Serena Montagnaro,
Valeria Russo,
Emanuela Vaccaro,
Antonio Giordano,
Salvatore Florio,
Roberto Ciarcia
Affiliations
Consiglia Longobardi
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
Sara Damiano
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
Simona Fabroni
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia n.190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
Serena Montagnaro
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
Valeria Russo
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
Emanuela Vaccaro
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
Antonio Giordano
Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
Salvatore Florio
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
Roberto Ciarcia
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
Background: The presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in food and feed is a public health concern. OTA intoxication is caused by several mechanisms, one of which consists of the alteration of the antioxidant activity of the cell due to the oxidative stress (OS). In this context, the use of natural antioxidant substances could be a potential biological decontamination method of mitigating the negative outcomes induced by OTA. Methods: we aimed to investigate how a red orange and lemon extract (RLE), rich in anthocyanins, would affect OTA-treated rats. The current work sought to clarify the renal protective efficacy of RLE in an OTA-treated rat model (RLE (90 mg/kg b.w.); OTA (0.5 mg/kg b.w.)) by investigating, thorough Western blot analysis, the involvement of the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. The OS parameters and inflammatory status were evaluated by spectrophotometry. The inflammatory infiltrates in the kidney were evaluated by immunohistochemical assays. Results and Conclusion: Our findings showed a significant increase in oxidative and inflammatory parameters after OTA exposure, while the OTA + RLE co-treatment counteracted both the inflammatory and OS damage through the modulation of the Nrf2 pathway.
