Effectiveness of adjusted bandwidth knowledge of results in motor learning

Abstract

Introduction: Knowledge of results (KR) is a method of augmented feedback where frequency or timing varies depending on the individual’s performance. In previous studies, bandwidth (BW) KR was not established according to the individual’s performance; thus, it is unclear how BW should be set based on changes in individual performance. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness of adjusted BW KR. Method: Forty-seven participants were divided into four groups (control, narrow BW, wide BW, and adjusted BW). The adjustability of the grasping force task was measured by having participants perform the task for 60 seconds, with each group receiving a different KR. We used the absolute constant error (ACE) and variable error (VE) as respective measures of the accuracy and consistency of the movements, and the sum of ACEs outside of the BW as a measure of the amount of error information. Measurements (pretest, practice sessions, and immediate- and delayed-retention tests) were performed over the course of two days. Results: The adjusted BW group showed a significant decrease in VE compared with the wide BW group in the immediate-retention test. Conclusion: This study partially indicates the effectiveness of adjusted BW KR compared to traditional BW KR.

Keywords

• adjustability of grasping force
• bandwidth
• feedback
• knowledge of results
• motor learning
• performance