Ustrakantaka (Echinops echinatus Roxburgh) from Folklore Field Practice to Therapeutics: A Narrative Review

Abstract

“Ustrakantaka,” the botanical source of which is Echinops echinatus Roxb., is a wild branched xerophytic herb. It has a long history of use in traditional medicine, primarily valued for its stimulant properties in addressing sexual dysfunction and debility. The roots (mula), leaves (patra), flower (pushpa) and bark (twak) are frequently employed in folklore and Ayurveda. This plant exhibits multifaceted therapeutic potential, addressing urinary, liver and gynaecological disorders while also demonstrating antimicrobial, analgesic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant’s pharmacological activities are rooted in its diverse phytochemical profile, featuring the flavonoid apigenin and apigenin-7-O-glucoside, the phenolic compound Echinacin and the alkaloid Echinopsine. The present literature review provides an in-depth examination of Echinops echinatus, synthesising contemporary research on its historical context, ethnomedical application, pharmacognosy, phytoconstituents, pharmacological action and biological activity of the plant.

Keywords

• ethnomedicine
• flavonoids
• gynaecological disorders