Pediatric Mixed-Phenotype Acute Leukemia: What’s New?

Abstract

Mixed-phenotype acute leukemias (MPAL) are rare in children and often lack consensus on optimal management. This review examines the current controversies and emerging paradigms in the management of pediatric MPAL. We examine risk stratification, outcomes of recent retrospective and prospective collaborative trials, and the role of transplantation and precision genomics, and outline emerging targets and concepts in this rare entity.

Keywords

• mixed-phenotype acute leukemia
• MPAL
• <i>Ph</i>+
• <i>MLL</i>
• lineage switch
• minimal residual disease