Concentration ciguatoxins in fillet of fish: A global systematic review and meta-analysis
Qingxiao Li,
Trias Mahmudiono,
Hossein Mohammadi,
Amene Nematollahi,
Somayeh Hoseinvandtabar,
Fereshteh Mehri,
Vajihe Hasanzadeh,
Intissar Limam,
Yadolah Fakhri,
Van Nam Thai
Affiliations
Qingxiao Li
College of Grain Engineering, Henan Industry and Trade Vocational College, Zhengzhou,451191, Henan Province, China
Trias Mahmudiono
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Hossein Mohammadi
Department of Bioimaging, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Amene Nematollahi
Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
Somayeh Hoseinvandtabar
Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fereshteh Mehri
Nutrition Health Research Center, Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Vajihe Hasanzadeh
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Intissar Limam
Laboratory of Materials, Treatment and Analysis, National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis; and High School for Science and Health Techniques of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
Yadolah Fakhri
Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Van Nam Thai
HUTECH Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Corresponding author.
In the current study, an attempt was made to meta-analyze and discuss the concentration of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in fillets of fish based on country and water resources subgroups. The search was conducted in Scopus and PubMed, Embase and Web of Science to retrieve papers about the concentration of CTXs in fillet fish until July 2022. Meta-analysis concentration of CTXs was conducted based on countries and water resources subgroups in the random effects model (REM). The sort of countries based on the pooled concentration of CTXs was Kiribati (3.904 μg/kg) > Vietnam (1.880 μg/kg) > Macaronesia (1.400 μg/kg) > French (1.261 μg/kg) > China (0.674 μg/kg) > Japan (0.572 μg/kg) > USA (0.463 μg/kg) > Spain (0.224 μg/kg) > UK (0.170 μg/kg) > Fiji (0.162 μg/kg) > Mexico (0.150 μg/kg) > Australia (0.138 μg/kg) > Portugal (0.011 μg/kg). CTXs concentrations in all countries are higher than the safe limits of CTX1C (0.1 μg/kg). However, based on the safe limits of CTX1P, the concentrations of CTXs in just Portugal meet the regulation level (0.01 μg/kg). The minimum and maximum concentrations of CTXs were as observed in Selvagens Islands (0.011 μg/kg) and St Barthelemy (7.875 μg/kg) respectively. CTXs concentrations in all water resources are higher than safe limits of CTX1C (0.1 μg/kg) and CTX1B (0.01 μg/kg). Therefore, it is recommended to carry out continuous control pans of CTXs concentration in fish in different countries and water sources.
