Europium Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Strip Biosensors for the Detection of Quinoxaline Antibiotics and Their Main Metabolites in Fish Feeds and Tissues
Qing Mei,
Biao Ma,
Yun Fang,
Yunfei Gong,
Jiali Li,
Mingzhou Zhang
Affiliations
Qing Mei
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China
Biao Ma
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China
Yun Fang
Qianjiang Customs of the People’s Republic of China, Hangzhou 310012, China
Yunfei Gong
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China
Jiali Li
Hangzhou Quickgene Sci-Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
Mingzhou Zhang
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, China
Olaquindox (OLA) and quinocetone (QCT) have been prohibited in aquatic products due to their significant toxicity and side effects. In this study, rapid and visual europium nanoparticle (EuNP)-based lateral flow strip biosensors (LFSBs) were developed for the simultaneous quantitative detection of OLA, QCT, and 3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA) in fish feed and tissue. The EuNP-LFSBs enabled sensitive detection for OLA, QCT, and MQCA with a limit of detection of 0.067, 0.017, and 0.099 ng/mL (R2 ≥ 0.9776) within 10 min. The average recovery of the EuNP-LFSBs was 95.13%, and relative standard deviations were below 9.38%. The method was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the test results were consistent. Therefore, the proposed LFSBs serve as a powerful tool to monitor quinoxalines in fish feeds and their residues in fish tissues.
