Clinical Ophthalmology (Jan 2023)

Emerging Treatment Options for Geographic Atrophy (GA) Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration

  • Khan H,
  • Aziz AA,
  • Sulahria H,
  • Khan H,
  • Ahmed A,
  • Choudhry N,
  • Narayanan R,
  • Danzig C,
  • Khanani AM

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 17
pp. 321 – 327

Abstract

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Hannah Khan,1 Aamir A Aziz,1 Humza Sulahria,2 Huma Khan,2 Abrahim Ahmed,3 Netan Choudhry,4– 7 Raja Narayanan,8,9 Carl Danzig,10 Arshad M Khanani1,2 1University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA; 2Sierra Eye Associates, Reno, NV, USA; 3Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; 4Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 5Vitreous Retina Macula Specialists of Toronto, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada; 6Cleveland Clinic Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 7Octane Imaging Lab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 8Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; 9Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), Hyderabad, Telangana, India; 10Rand Eye Institute, Deerfield Beach, FL, USACorrespondence: Arshad M Khanani, Sierra Eye Associates, 950 Ryland Street, Reno, NV, USA, Tel +1 775 329-0286, Fax +1 775 329-0849, Email [email protected]: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized as a chronic, multifactorial disease and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Advanced AMD is classified as neovascular (wet) AMD and non-neovascular (dry) AMD. Dry AMD can progress to a more advanced form that manifests as geographic atrophy (GA), which significantly threatens vision, leading to progressive and irreversible loss of visual function. There are currently no approved therapeutics commercially available for GA patients. However, data from various clinical trials have demonstrated favorable results with significant reduction in GA lesion growth. Approaches to GA treatment vary from complement inhibitors to ocular gene therapy, some of which may delay disease progression, while others may reverse the disease. This review furthers the understanding of the pathophysiology of GA, as well as current clinical trial data on investigational therapeutics.Keywords: complement system, gene therapy, neuroprotective agents, personalized treatment, anti-inflammatory agents, intravitreal injection

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