In‐hospital mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 stratified by hemoglobin levels: A retrospective study
Mohammed Al‐Jarallah,
Rajesh Rajan,
Ahmad Al Saber,
Jiazhu Pan,
Ahmad T. Al‐Sultan,
Hassan Abdelnaby,
Moudhi Alroomi,
Raja Dashti,
Wael Aboelhassan,
Farah Almutairi,
Mohammed Abdullah,
Naser Alotaibi,
Mohammad Al Saleh,
Noor AlNasrallah,
Bader Al‐Bader,
Haya Malhas,
Maryam Ramadhan,
Mahdy Hamza,
Kobalava D. Zhanna
Affiliations
Mohammed Al‐Jarallah
Department of Cardiology, Sabah Al Ahmed Cardiac Centre Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait Kuwait
Rajesh Rajan
Department of Cardiology, Sabah Al Ahmed Cardiac Centre Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait Kuwait
Ahmad Al Saber
Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
Jiazhu Pan
Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
Ahmad T. Al‐Sultan
Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait
Hassan Abdelnaby
Department of Endemic and Infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Al Sabah Hospital Ministry of Health, Shuwaikh Medical Area Kuwait
Moudhi Alroomi
Department of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Hospital Ministry of Health, Shuwaikh Medical Area Kuwait
Raja Dashti
Department of Cardiology, Sabah Al Ahmed Cardiac Centre Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait Kuwait
Wael Aboelhassan
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Jaber Al Ahmed Hospital Ministry of Health, South Surra Kuwait
Farah Almutairi
Department of medicine, Farwaniya Hospital Ministry of Health Farwaniya Kuwait
Mohammed Abdullah
Department of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Hospital Ministry of Health, Shuwaikh Medical Area Kuwait
Naser Alotaibi
Department of Medicine, Al Adan Hospital Ministry of Health, Hadiya Kuwait
Mohammad Al Saleh
Department of medicine, Farwaniya Hospital Ministry of Health Farwaniya Kuwait
Noor AlNasrallah
Department of Medicine, Al Adan Hospital Ministry of Health, Hadiya Kuwait
Bader Al‐Bader
Department of medicine, Farwaniya Hospital Ministry of Health Farwaniya Kuwait
Haya Malhas
Department of Emergency Medicine, Mubarak Al‐Kabeer Hospital Ministry of Health Jabriya Kuwait
Maryam Ramadhan
Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Maternity Hospital Ministry of Health Sabah Area, Shuwaikh Medical Area Kuwait
Mahdy Hamza
Department of Medical Imaging, Al Adan Hospital Ministry of Health, Hadiya Kuwait
Kobalava D. Zhanna
Department of Internal Medicine with the Subspecialty of Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics Named after V.S. Moiseev, Institute of Medicine Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Moscow Russian Federation
Abstract This study is to estimate in‐hospital mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) patients stratified by hemoglobin (Hb) level. Patients were stratified according to hemoglobin level into two groups, that is, Hb 100 g/L. A total of 6931 patients were included. Of these, 6377 (92%) patients had hemoglobin levels >100 g/L. The mean age was 44 ± 17 years, and 66% of the patients were males. The median length of overall hospital stay was 13 days [2; 31]. The remaining 554 (8%) patients had a hemoglobin level 100 g/L (52, 0.82%). Risk factors associated with increased mortality were determined by multivariate analysis. The Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed hemoglobin as a predictor of mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression coefficients for hemoglobin for the HB ≤ 100 category of hemoglobin were significant, B = 2.79, SE = 0.17, and HR = 16.34, p < 0.001. Multivariate logistic regression showed Hb < 100 g/L had a higher cumulative all‐cause in‐hospital mortality (22.4% vs. 0.8%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.33; 95% [CI]: [0.20–0.55]; p < 0.001). In this study, hemoglobin levels <100 g/L were found to be an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality.
