Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (FHCM)

Abstract

The feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of many cardiac diseases known in domestic animals, and it is especially frequent in cats of all ages. HCM is the most common heart disease in cats, affecting almost 15 % of the feline population. The Maine Coon and the Ragdoll breeds of domestic cats are shown to have a special gene that is responsible for the appearance of HCM in these breeds. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be detected by: echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), radiography, genetic testing, and a test including N- terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). The most frequently used method used for clinical purposes is echocardiography. Patients with HCM will most of the time not have any clinical signs of the disease, which makes it difficult for the owner to detect that there is something wrong with their cat. Some cats, on the other hand, will get heart arrhythmias which can cause sudden death. There are several prognosis-worsening findings that may occur due to the hypertrophy of the ventricles. These include: Feline Arterial Thromboembolism (FATE), Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), and the Dynamic Obstruction of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (DOLVOT). The prognosis for HCM depends on the stage of the disease. In some cats, they are well-tolerated and are associated with normal life expectancy, but in other cats they can result in congestive heart failure, arterial thromboembolism or sudden death.

Keywords

• cats
• echocardiography
• heart
• heart failure
• hypertrophy