Multi-Objective Optimization for Optimal Allocation and Coordination of Wind and Solar DGs, BESSs and Capacitors in Presence of Demand Response

Abstract

The renewable energy sources (RES) based distributed generations (DGs) have been proven to be of great technical and economic benefits if optimally allocated in distribution networks. Their proper deployment is usually made in conjunction with demand response (DR) programs and renewables curtailment to match the demand load with the available generated power. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) and capacitor banks (CBs) are two other tools that can compensate for the shortcomings of the RES. BESSs could complement the renewables generation intermittency and improve the reliability of the system while CBs could indemnify the limited reactive power support of the RES and improve the power quality of the system. Thus, the simultaneous integration of RES-based DGs, DR, BESSs, CBs, and curtailment could have great benefits if optimally planned and coordinated. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization planning model is formulated to determine the optimal locations and capacities of different RES-based DGs, BESSs, and CBs in presence of DR and renewables curtailment to maximize the economic index and the average voltage stability factor, and to minimize the average power losses in distribution networks. The modelling of RES-generated power is considered. The proposed model is implemented and tested on standard IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system, the model is formulated and solved in GAMS environment. Different renewable configurations and test cases are investigated. The obtained results validate the effectiveness of the simultaneous integration of the used tools in optimizing the techno-economic benefits.

Keywords

• Multi-objective optimization
• renewable energy sources
• battery energy storage systems
• battery degradation
• capacitor banks
• demand response