Frequency-dependent dielectric spectroscopic analysis on phytochemical and antioxidant activities in Radix Glycyrrhizae extract
Ong Hong Liang,
Cheng Ee Meng,
Che Wan Sharifah Robiah Mohamad,
Nashrul Fazli Mohd Nasir,
Tan Xiao Jian,
Beh Chong You,
Emma Ziezie Mohd Tarmizi,
Lee Kim Yee,
You Kok Yeow,
Khor Shing Fhan,
Leu Kim Fey,
Te Kian Keong,
Mohd Riza Mohd Roslan,
Siti Aishah Baharuddin
Affiliations
Ong Hong Liang
Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
Cheng Ee Meng
Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, 02600, Malaysia; Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, 02600, Malaysia; Sports Engineering Research Centre (SERC), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
Che Wan Sharifah Robiah Mohamad
Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
Nashrul Fazli Mohd Nasir
Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, 02600, Malaysia; Sports Engineering Research Centre (SERC), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, 02600, Malaysia
Tan Xiao Jian
Sports Engineering Research Centre (SERC), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, 02600, Malaysia; Centre for Multimodal Signal Processing, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT), Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, 53300, Malaysia; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT), Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, 53300, Malaysia
Beh Chong You
Department of Engineering and Built Environment, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Penang Branch, Pulau Pinang, 11200, Malaysia
Emma Ziezie Mohd Tarmizi
Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia; Corresponding author.
Lee Kim Yee
Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Tunku Abdul Rahman University, Kajang, Cheras, Sungai Long City, 43000, Malaysia
You Kok Yeow
Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor, Malaysia
Khor Shing Fhan
Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 02600, Malaysia
Leu Kim Fey
Department of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Tunku Abdul Rahman University, Kajang, Cheras, Sungai Long City, 43000, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Hospital UTAR, 31900, Kampar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Te Kian Keong
Department of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Tunku Abdul Rahman University, Kajang, Cheras, Sungai Long City, 43000, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Hospital UTAR, 31900, Kampar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Mohd Riza Mohd Roslan
Department of Engineering and Built Environment, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Penang Branch, Pulau Pinang, 11200, Malaysia
Siti Aishah Baharuddin
Department of Engineering and Built Environment, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Penang Branch, Pulau Pinang, 11200, Malaysia
Radix Glycyrrhizae, the dried roots of the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine known for its various health benefits. It is particularly effective in relieving respiratory problems like coughs, sore throats, bronchitis, and asthma. However, there is limited research on the electrical properties of Radix Glycyrrhizae, likely due to its complex composition of phytochemical and antioxidant activities. This research aims to investigate the potential of these active biological compounds and understand their electrochemical properties. In this study, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that Radix Glycyrrhizae decoction contains significant amounts of flavonoids and saponins, compounds known for their health benefits and therapeutic effects. Further analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified several functional groups, including phenols, alcohols, alkynes, alkenes, ethers, and glycosides, which contribute to the plant's medicinal potential and affect the impedance and dielectric properties of the extract. The antioxidant activity of Radix Glycyrrhizae decoction was also evaluated using DPPH assays, showing similar radical scavenging activity to gallic acid. Dielectric and impedance measurement of Radix Glycyrrhizae extract were performed using an Agilent vector network analyzer and a Hioki impedance analyzer. The dielectric constant measured was consistent across both analyzers. However, the loss factor showed different trends: the vector network analyzer indicated a decrease in the loss factor with increasing frequency in the range of 5 MHz–20 GHz, while the impedance analyzer showed the opposite trend in the frequency range of 4 Hz–5 MHz.
