Summary: Deep learning (DL) models based on individual images could contribute to tailored therapies and personalized treatment strategies. We aimed to construct a DL model using individual 3D structural images for predicting the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in migraine. A 3D convolutional neural network model was constructed, with ResNet18 as the classification backbone, to link structural images to predict the efficacy of NSAIDs. In total, 111 patients were included and allocated to the training and testing sets in a 4:1 ratio. The prediction accuracies of the ResNet34, ResNet50, ResNeXt50, DenseNet121, and 3D ResNet18 models were 0.65, 0.74, 0.65, 0.70, and 0.78, respectively. This model, based on individual 3D structural images, demonstrated better predictive performance in comparison to conventional models. Our study highlights the feasibility of the DL algorithm based on brain structural images and suggests that it can be applied to predict the efficacy of NSAIDs in migraine treatment.
