The Energy Efficiency Issue in the European Union: Perspectives, Objectives and Challenges

Abstract

This paper discusses the energy issue in the European Union and the EU’s progress on energy efficiency since the Energy Efficiency related Directive of 2012 (EED): (i) The energy consumption dynamics (primary and final energy consumption), (ii) Directives and other regulations adopted by the EU’s institutions between 2012-2022, for energy consumption and efficiency targets established for the entire Union and for its member states, (iii) The National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) corresponding to the 2020 accomplishments and the 2030 projections, (iv) The same 2030 forecasts in the long-term context of climate neutrality to be ensured up to 2050. All these will be approached below in our argumentation. Effective energy consumption data are retrieved from Eurostat and the International Energy Agency (IEA). Optimism comes up for the 2030 perspective, since the 2020 specific performances were delivered, partly despite the recent COVID-19 pandemic related circumstances of 2020. A list of possible responses to some questions will conclude this paper: ‘How receptive will the member states be in the future for transposing the EU's energy efficiency ambitions into their own strategies?’ and ‘Will the European policies be rigorous enough, and flexible to achieve the long-term objectives?’.

Keywords

• energy efficiency
• primary energy consumption
• final energy consumption
• energy targets
• green deal