Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии (Aug 2015)
TECHNICAL ENSURING OF TECHNOLOGIES OF SOIL CULTIVATING AND SPRING GRAIN CRCROPS SEEDING IN SIBERIA
Abstract
Features and advantages of introduction of technology of grain crops direct seeding in Siberia are shown. At a choice of technologies of soil cultivating and seeding it is necessary to consider the following major factors: deficiency of moisture during the vegetative period, water, wind erosion, soil degradation, fuel, oil and lubricants expenditure. The combined tillage and sowing machine complexes are worked out in the Siberian Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification for Agriculture taking into account ways of soil cultivating and spring grain crops seeding. It is established that in the conditions of droughty climate the technology of direct seeding allows to receive sustainable yields. Within 2-3 years it is possible to eliminate soil consolidation and surface roughness by means of the soil-cultivating tools which are available in farms. For creation of necessary soil density an important role is played by a biological loosening on the basis of scientifically founded crop rotations with diversification of grain crops, leguminous, industrial and forage crops, rape, melilot, etc. Due to using of direct seeding technology the need for tractors and machine operators was reduced by 4-5 times, labor content per unit of output decreased, fuel, oil and lubricants expenditure were cut by 3 times. Thus productivity increased by 38 percent, profitability - for 42.9 percent, the profit on sales of 1 t of grain increased by 3.3 times. The stubbles make possible fuller preservation and deduction of moisture in the soil.
