On 3-by-3 row stochastic matrices

Abstract

The known constructive tests for the shapes of the numerical ranges in the 3-by-3 case are further specified when the matrices in question are row stochastic. Auxiliary results on the unitary (ir)reducibility of such matrices are also obtained.

Keywords

• row stochastic matrix
• numerical range
• kippenhahn curve
• unitary reducibility
• 15a60
• 15b51