Preparation and optimization of niosome encapsulated meropenem for significant antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Kamal Paseban,
Sama Noroozi,
Rokhshad Gharehcheloo,
Abbas Haddadian,
Farnoush Falahi Robattorki,
Hedieh Dibah,
Reza Amani,
Fatima Sabouri,
Erfan Ghanbarzadeh,
Shadi Hajrasouiha,
Arezou Azari,
Tina Rashidian,
Amir Mirzaie,
Zahra Pirdolat,
Massoumeh Salarkia,
Dorsa Sadat Shahrava,
Fatemeh Safaeinikjoo,
Atena Seifi,
Niusha Sadat Hosseini,
Niloofar Saeinia,
Aliasghar Bagheri Kashtali,
Ali Ahmadiyan,
Roza Mazid Abadi,
Faezeh Sadat Kermani,
Romina Andalibi,
Arman Chitgarzadeh,
Aryan Aryan Tavana,
Tohid Piri Gharaghie
Affiliations
Kamal Paseban
Department of Biology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
Sama Noroozi
Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Utah, USA
Rokhshad Gharehcheloo
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Branch, Islamic Azad Universty, Tehran, Iran
Abbas Haddadian
Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Background: One of the targeted drug delivery systems is the use of nanocarriers, and one of these drug delivery systems is niosome. Niosome have a nano-vesicular structure and are composed of non-ionic surfactants. Objective: In this study, various niosome-encapsulated meropenem formulations were prepared. Subsequently, their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities were evaluated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Methods: The physicochemical properties of niosomal formulations were characterized using a field scanning electron microscope, X-Ray diffraction, Zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities were evaluated using broth microdilution and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration, respectively. In addition, biofilm gene expression analysis was performed using quantitative Real-Time PCR. To evaluate biocompatibility, the cytotoxicity of niosome-encapsulated meropenem in a normal human diploid fibroblast (HDF) cell line was investigated using an MTT assay. Results: An F1 formulation of niosome-encapsulated meropenem with a size of 51.3 ± 5.84 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 84.86 ± 3.14 % was achieved. The synthesized niosomes prevented biofilm capacity with a biofilm growth inhibition index of 69 % and significantly downregulated icaD, FnbA, Ebps, and Bap gene expression in MRSA strains (p 90 % at all tested concentrations against normal HDF cells. The results of the present study indicate that niosome-encapsulated meropenem increased antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities without profound cytotoxicity in normal human cells, which could prove useful as a good drug delivery system.
