BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care (Apr 2023)
Higher burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the Glycemic Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) baseline cohort
- ,
- C Wright,
- C Sanders,
- C Wilson,
- L Tucker,
- S Jones,
- S Douglass,
- C Patel,
- A Kumar,
- S Smith,
- A Ghosh,
- C Adams,
- R Hill,
- D Martin,
- J Hu,
- M Lee,
- N Patel,
- O Smith,
- J Cook,
- J Day,
- M Jackson,
- G Riera,
- P McGee,
- J Park,
- J Jiménez,
- S Yang,
- A Carlson,
- C Martin,
- H Liu,
- Y Li,
- A Krol,
- K Wright,
- S Golden,
- A Sood,
- J Martinez,
- D Sanchez,
- K Burton,
- Y Gao,
- S Martin,
- O Sanchez,
- C DeSouza,
- M Johnson,
- L Estrada,
- A Jackson,
- J Higgins,
- K Martin,
- J Craig,
- A Kuhn,
- L Ngo,
- Deborah J Wexler,
- R Chatterjee,
- E Walker,
- J Kerr,
- W Taylor,
- J Lim,
- M Perez,
- R Henry,
- Vanita R Aroda,
- R Fraser,
- Cyrus Desouza,
- E King,
- C Campbell,
- J González,
- E Diaz,
- P Zhang,
- J Marks,
- S Abraham,
- A Ross,
- M Khalid,
- T Young,
- J Myers,
- J Barzilay,
- B Chambers,
- G Montes,
- C Jensen,
- J McConnell,
- R Nelson,
- L Prosser,
- S Morton,
- M Curtis,
- P Wilson,
- L Young,
- M Fürst,
- S Warren,
- C Newman,
- S Kuo,
- N Rasouli,
- A Werner,
- L Morton,
- A Ghazi,
- M Salam,
- F Ismail-Beigi,
- P Kringas,
- C Baker,
- E Ellis,
- A Cherian,
- L Holloway,
- M Madden,
- B Hollis,
- G Fuller,
- B Steiner,
- K Stokes,
- R Ayala,
- T Lowe,
- K Chu,
- S Durán,
- D Dyer,
- A Alfred,
- J Leger,
- Nicole M Butera,
- T Hamilton,
- J Costello,
- E Burgess,
- R Garg,
- A Maxwell,
- C Stevens,
- W Ye,
- T Tran,
- L Fischer,
- M Hurtado,
- H Schneier,
- C Lund,
- R Lorch,
- M Mullen,
- J Bantle,
- K Arnold,
- D Wexler,
- A TURCHIN,
- MS Lee,
- D Howard,
- J Tejada,
- S Hernandez,
- Tasma Harindhanavudhi,
- E Schroeder,
- K Pham,
- S Kunkel,
- A Fagan,
- G Lord,
- H CHONG,
- A Smiley,
- E Debnam,
- H Petrovitch,
- M Bäckman,
- B Kauffman,
- V Jenkins,
- B Cramer,
- JP Crandall,
- MD McKee,
- S Behringer-Massera,
- J Brown-Friday,
- E Xhori,
- K Ballentine-Cargill,
- H Estrella,
- S Gonzalez de la torre,
- J Lukin,
- LS Phillips,
- D Olson,
- M Rhee,
- TS Raines,
- J Boers,
- C Gullett,
- M Maher-Albertelli,
- R Mungara,
- L Savoye,
- CA White,
- F Morehead,
- S Person,
- M Sibymon,
- S Tanukonda,
- A Balasubramanyam,
- R Gaba,
- P Hollander,
- E Roe,
- P Burt,
- K Chionh,
- C Falck-Ytter,
- L Sayyed Kassem,
- M Tiktin,
- T Kulow,
- KA Stancil,
- J Iacoboni,
- MV Kononets,
- L Colosimo,
- R Goland,
- J Pring,
- L Alfano,
- C Hausheer,
- K Gumpel,
- A Kirpitch,
- JB Green,
- H AbouAssi,
- MN Feinglos,
- J English Jones,
- RP Zimmer,
- BM Satterwhite,
- K Evans Kreider,
- CR Thacker,
- CN Mariash,
- KJ Mather,
- A Lteif,
- V Pirics,
- D Aguillar,
- S Hurt,
- R Bergenstal,
- T Martens,
- J Hyatt,
- H Willis,
- W Konerza,
- K Kleeberger,
- R Passi,
- S Fortmann,
- M Herson,
- K Mularski,
- H Glauber,
- J Prihoda,
- B Ash,
- C Carlson,
- PA Ramey,
- E Schield,
- B Torgrimson-Ojerio,
- E Panos,
- S Sahnow,
- K Bays,
- K Berame,
- D Ghioni,
- J Gluth,
- K Schell,
- J Criscola,
- C Friason,
- S Nazarov,
- N Rassouli,
- R Puttnam,
- B Ojoawo,
- C Sanders-Jones,
- Z El-Haqq,
- A Kolli,
- J Meigs,
- A Dushkin,
- G Rocchio,
- M Yepes,
- H Dulin,
- M Cayford,
- A DeManbey,
- M Hillard,
- N Thangthaeng,
- L Gurry,
- R Kochis,
- E Raymond,
- V Ripley,
- V Aroda,
- A Loveland,
- M Hamm,
- HJ Florez,
- WM Valencia,
- S Casula,
- L Oropesa-Gonzalez,
- L Hue,
- AK Riccio Veliz,
- R Nieto-Martinez,
- M Gutt,
- A Ahmann,
- D Aby-Daniel,
- F Joarder,
- V Morimoto,
- C Sprague,
- D Yamashita,
- N Cady,
- N Rivera-Eschright,
- P Kirchhoff,
- B Morales Gomez,
- J Adducci,
- A Goncharova,
- SH Hox,
- M Matwichyna,
- NO Bermudez,
- L Broadwater,
- RR Ishii,
- DS Hsia,
- WT Cefalu,
- FL Greenway,
- C Waguespack,
- N Haynes,
- A Thomassie,
- B Bourgeois,
- C Hazlett,
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- J Pettus,
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- E Castro,
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- ER Seaquist,
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- L Kuechenmeister,
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- AL Morales,
- K Seipel,
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- A Adolphe,
- M Burge,
- E Duran-Valdez,
- P August,
- MG Rodriguez,
- O Griffith,
- A Naik,
- Barbara I Gulanski,
- Heidi Krause-Steinrauf,
- Judith H Lichtman,
- Jennifer B Green,
- Colleen E Suratt,
- Hiba AbouAssi,
- Andrew J Ahmann,
- E Gonzalez Hattery,
- A Ideozu,
- G McPhee,
- SA Khan, JB Kimpel,
- HM Ismail,
- ME Larkin,
- M Magee,
- A Ressing,
- L Manandhar,
- F Mwicigi,
- V Lagari-Libhaber,
- A Cuadot,
- YJ Kendal,
- B Veciana,
- G Fry,
- A Dragg,
- B Gildersleeve,
- J Arceneaux,
- M Pavlionis,
- A Stallings,
- S Machineni,
- AL Cherrington,
- MCR Lawson,
- C Adkins,
- T Onadeko,
- M Razzaghi,
- C Lyon,
- R Penaloza,
- WI Sivitz,
- LK Knosp,
- S Bojescu,
- S Burbach,
- A Bancroft,
- FA Jamaleddin Ahmad,
- D Hernandez McGinnis,
- B Pucchetti,
- E Scripsick,
- A Zamorano,
- RA DeFronzo,
- E Cersosimo,
- M Abdul-Ghani,
- C Triplitt,
- D Juarez,
- RI Garza,
- H Verastiqui,
- C Puckett,
- P Raskin,
- C Rhee,
- LF Jordan,
- S Sao,
- L Osornio Walker,
- L Schnurr-Breen,
- RB Kreymer,
- D Sturgess,
- KM Utzschneider,
- SE Kahn,
- L Alarcon-Casas Wright,
- EJ Boyko,
- EC Tsai,
- DL Trence,
- S Trikudanathan,
- BN Fattaleh,
- BK Montgomery,
- KM Atkinson,
- A Kozedub,
- T Concepcion,
- C Moak,
- N Prikhodko,
- S Rhothisen,
- TA Elasy,
- L Shackelford,
- R Goidel,
- N Hinkle,
- C Lovell,
- J Lipps Hogan,
- JB McGill,
- T Schweiger,
- S Kissel,
- C Recklein,
- MJ Clifton,
- W Tamborlane,
- A Camp,
- B Gulanski,
- SE Inzucchi,
- M Alguard,
- P Gatcomb,
- K Lessard,
- L Iannone,
- A Montosa,
- E Magenheimer,
- J Fradkin,
- HB Burch,
- AA Bremer,
- DM Nathan,
- JM Lachin,
- H Krause-Steinrauf,
- N Younes,
- I Bebu,
- N Butera,
- CJ Buys,
- MR Gramzinski,
- SD Hall,
- E Kazemi,
- E Legowski,
- C Suratt,
- M Tripputi,
- A Arey,
- J Bethepu,
- P Mangat Dhaliwal,
- E Mesimer,
- M Steffes,
- J Seegmiller,
- A Saenger,
- V Arends,
- D Gabrielson,
- T Conner,
- J Huminik,
- A Scrymgeour,
- EZ Soliman,
- Y Pokharel,
- ZM Zhang,
- L Keasler,
- S Hensley,
- R Mihalcea,
- DJ Min,
- V Perez-Rosas,
- K Resnicow,
- H Shao,
- J Luchsinger,
- S Assuras,
- E Groessl,
- F Sakha,
- N Hillery,
- BM Everett,
- I Abdouch,
- G Bahtiyar,
- P Brantley,
- FE Broyles,
- G Canaris,
- P Copeland,
- JJ Craine,
- WL Fein,
- A Gliwa,
- L Hope,
- R Meiners,
- V Meiners,
- H O’Neal,
- JE Park,
- A Sacerdote,
- E Sledge,
- L Soni,
- J Steppel-Reznik,
- B Brooks-Worrell,
- CS Hampe,
- JP Palmer,
- A Shojaie,
- L Doner Lotenberg,
- JM Gallivan,
- DM Tuncer
Affiliations
- Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- C Wright
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- C Sanders
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital Foundation Trust, Wirral Community Foundation Trust, Hospice UK/National Council for Palliative Care, NHS Improvement
- C Wilson
- L Tucker
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- S Jones
- 2Aneurin Bevan Weight Management Clinic, Ebbw Vale, UK
- S Douglass
- 2Central and West Unscheduled Care Collaborative, London, UK
- C Patel
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- A Kumar
- Senior registrar
- S Smith
- 2Gatnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
- A Ghosh
- 1Neonates, Princess Royal Maternity Hospital, Glasgow, UK
- C Adams
- 2Institute of Health Visiting, Royal Society for Public Health, London, UK
- R Hill
- 4Scottish Clinical Trials Research Unit, Edinburgh, UK
- D Martin
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
- J Hu
- Radiation Oncology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Intergrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
- M Lee
- N Patel
- 2Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland CCGs, Leicester, UK
- O Smith
- Paediatric Department, East Kent Hospital University NHS FT, Canterbury, UK
- J Cook
- 3Make-A-Wish UK, Reading, UK
- J Day
- M Jackson
- 1Southmead Neonatal Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
- G Riera
- 1Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Pharmacy Department, Alicante, Spain
- P McGee
- Beaumont Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Dublin, Ireland
- J Park
- Samsung Medical Centre, Department of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
- J Jiménez
- Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL
- S Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea, Republic Of
- A Carlson
- 2Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- C Martin
- H Liu
- Y Li
- A Krol
- St George’s University Hospitals, Department of Anaesthesia and Chronic Pain Service, London, UK
- K Wright
- 1Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
- S Golden
- 5Department of Health Behaviour, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, USA
- A Sood
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gynecologic Oncology, Houston, USA
- J Martinez
- Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- D Sanchez
- 1Medical Oncology, Hospital Virgen Arrixaca
- K Burton
- 4Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
- Y Gao
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital
- S Martin
- 6Surgery, Centre Francois Baclesse, Caen
- O Sanchez
- Rheumatology, Hospital Central Maracay, Maracay, Venezuela
- C DeSouza
- 5Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, USA
- M Johnson
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- L Estrada
- 3Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- A Jackson
- professor of radiology
- J Higgins
- 2NHS Oldham, Oldham, UK
- K Martin
- Aff1 grid.410567.1Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- J Craig
- 1Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
- A Kuhn
- 3Neuroradiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA
- L Ngo
- 2Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Deborah J Wexler
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- R Chatterjee
- 4Cloud Data Specialist, Google, London, UK
- E Walker
- Paediatric Department, Whipps Cross Hospital, London, UK
- J Kerr
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- W Taylor
- 1Department of Clinical Chemistry, The University of Liverpool
- J Lim
- 1Neurosurgery Department, Chungnam National University hospital, Daejeon, Korea, Republic Of
- M Perez
- 4Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCAN), Mexico
- R Henry
- 3Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon, UK
- Vanita R Aroda
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
- R Fraser
- 1Paediatric Critical Care, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
- Cyrus Desouza
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- E King
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- C Campbell
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- J González
- Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Pharmacy, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- E Diaz
- Rheumatology, Colombian Association of Rheumatology, Bogota, Colombia
- P Zhang
- 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Physiology
- J Marks
- S Abraham
- 1Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- A Ross
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- M Khalid
- Mid-Western Regional Orthopaedic Hospital, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
- T Young
- 5School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- J Myers
- J Barzilay
- B Chambers
- 1Institute of Education, University of London, London, UK
- G Montes
- 1Ralph C. Wilson Jr. School of Education, St. John Fisher College/Children’s Institute Inc., Rochester, USA
- C Jensen
- 1Department Af Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- J McConnell
- Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, School of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- R Nelson
- New York University, Gynecologic Oncology, New York, USA
- L Prosser
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- S Morton
- 1Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- M Curtis
- Kingston Hospital NHS Trust, Kinston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
- P Wilson
- Internal Medicine, Infection Control and Radiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
- L Young
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
- M Fürst
- Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Bad Bramstedt, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- S Warren
- Paediatrics, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
- C Newman
- 6South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Guildford, UK
- S Kuo
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Pharmacy Dept, London, UK
- N Rasouli
- University Hospital Brussels, Pharmacy Department, Brussels, Belgium
- A Werner
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- L Morton
- 1Epidemiology Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- A Ghazi
- Goodman Cancer Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- M Salam
- 1Paediatric Emergency Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- F Ismail-Beigi
- P Kringas
- College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, Doris Duke Clinical Research Fellowship Program, New York, NY
- C Baker
- E Ellis
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- A Cherian
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India
- L Holloway
- JC Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
- M Madden
- B Hollis
- G Fuller
- 2University of Sheffield, UK
- B Steiner
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rostock
- K Stokes
- 1University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- R Ayala
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida Córdoba s/n, Madrid, Spain
- T Lowe
- K Chu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
- S Durán
- Department of Medicine (Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology), Schools of Medicine And Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- D Dyer
- A Alfred
- Orthopaedic Unit, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston PR2 9HT, UK
- J Leger
- Nicole M Butera
- 3 University of North Carolina Health Care System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- T Hamilton
- J Costello
- Department of Accident & Emergency Medicine, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 6AB
- E Burgess
- Office of Medical Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- R Garg
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- A Maxwell
- C Stevens
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- W Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- T Tran
- Department of Radiology, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
- L Fischer
- Department of Neurology, Emory University
- M Hurtado
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Hospitals Vall d’Hebrón, Pg Vall d’Hebrón 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- H Schneier
- 4Forest Research Institute, Jersey City, United States
- C Lund
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre University Hospital, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- R Lorch
- 3The Kirby Institute, University of New South UK
- M Mullen
- 1Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, UK
- J Bantle
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- K Arnold
- D Wexler
- The Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, affiliated to the Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv Israel
- A TURCHIN
- MS Lee
- 5Council of Group Occupational Health Services, Korea
- D Howard
- J Tejada
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Virgen Blanca, León, Spain
- S Hernandez
- Tasma Harindhanavudhi
- 1 Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- E Schroeder
- K Pham
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
- S Kunkel
- A Fagan
- 3Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging, St James`s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- G Lord
- 1UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust
- H CHONG
- A Smiley
- E Debnam
- Department of Physiology, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, Rowland Hill St, London, UK
- H Petrovitch
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA
- M Bäckman
- B Kauffman
- Vertex Pharmaceutical, Boston, MA, USA
- V Jenkins
- senior research fellow in psycho-oncology
- B Cramer
- JP Crandall
- MD McKee
- S Behringer-Massera
- J Brown-Friday
- E Xhori
- K Ballentine-Cargill
- H Estrella
- S Gonzalez de la torre
- J Lukin
- LS Phillips
- D Olson
- M Rhee
- TS Raines
- J Boers
- C Gullett
- M Maher-Albertelli
- R Mungara
- L Savoye
- CA White
- F Morehead
- S Person
- M Sibymon
- S Tanukonda
- A Balasubramanyam
- R Gaba
- P Hollander
- E Roe
- P Burt
- 2British Cycling, Manchester, United Kingdom
- K Chionh
- C Falck-Ytter
- L Sayyed Kassem
- M Tiktin
- T Kulow
- KA Stancil
- J Iacoboni
- MV Kononets
- L Colosimo
- R Goland
- J Pring
- L Alfano
- C Hausheer
- K Gumpel
- A Kirpitch
- JB Green
- H AbouAssi
- MN Feinglos
- J English Jones
- RP Zimmer
- BM Satterwhite
- K Evans Kreider
- CR Thacker
- CN Mariash
- KJ Mather
- A Lteif
- V Pirics
- D Aguillar
- S Hurt
- R Bergenstal
- T Martens
- J Hyatt
- H Willis
- W Konerza
- K Kleeberger
- R Passi
- S Fortmann
- M Herson
- K Mularski
- H Glauber
- J Prihoda
- B Ash
- C Carlson
- PA Ramey
- E Schield
- B Torgrimson-Ojerio
- E Panos
- S Sahnow
- K Bays
- K Berame
- D Ghioni
- J Gluth
- K Schell
- J Criscola
- C Friason
- S Nazarov
- N Rassouli
- R Puttnam
- B Ojoawo
- C Sanders-Jones
- Z El-Haqq
- A Kolli
- J Meigs
- A Dushkin
- G Rocchio
- M Yepes
- H Dulin
- M Cayford
- A DeManbey
- M Hillard
- N Thangthaeng
- L Gurry
- R Kochis
- E Raymond
- V Ripley
- V Aroda
- A Loveland
- M Hamm
- HJ Florez
- WM Valencia
- S Casula
- L Oropesa-Gonzalez
- L Hue
- AK Riccio Veliz
- R Nieto-Martinez
- M Gutt
- A Ahmann
- D Aby-Daniel
- F Joarder
- V Morimoto
- C Sprague
- D Yamashita
- N Cady
- N Rivera-Eschright
- P Kirchhoff
- B Morales Gomez
- J Adducci
- A Goncharova
- SH Hox
- M Matwichyna
- NO Bermudez
- L Broadwater
- RR Ishii
- DS Hsia
- WT Cefalu
- FL Greenway
- C Waguespack
- N Haynes
- A Thomassie
- B Bourgeois
- C Hazlett
- S Mudaliar
- §Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA
- S Boeder
- J Pettus
- D Garcia-Acosta
- S Maggs
- C DeLue
- E Castro
- J Krakoff
- JM Curtis
- T Killean
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- L Kiker
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- A Agne
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- MC Rogge
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- 9Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
- S Lipp
- MB Vonder Meulen
- C Underkofler
- S Steiner
- E Cline
- WH Herman
- R Pop-Busui
- MH Tan
- A Waltje
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- A Adolphe
- M Burge
- E Duran-Valdez
- P August
- MG Rodriguez
- O Griffith
- A Naik
- Neurosurgery, BNI, Phoenix, AZ
- Barbara I Gulanski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Heidi Krause-Steinrauf
- The Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Judith H Lichtman
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Jennifer B Green
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Colleen E Suratt
- The Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Hiba AbouAssi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Andrew J Ahmann
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- E Gonzalez Hattery
- A Ideozu
- G McPhee
- SA Khan, JB Kimpel
- HM Ismail
- ME Larkin
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- E Magenheimer
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- JM Lachin
- H Krause-Steinrauf
- N Younes
- I Bebu
- N Butera
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- MR Gramzinski
- SD Hall
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- E Mesimer
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- A Saenger
- V Arends
- D Gabrielson
- T Conner
- J Huminik
- A Scrymgeour
- EZ Soliman
- Y Pokharel
- ZM Zhang
- L Keasler
- S Hensley
- R Mihalcea
- DJ Min
- V Perez-Rosas
- K Resnicow
- H Shao
- J Luchsinger
- S Assuras
- E Groessl
- F Sakha
- N Hillery
- BM Everett
- I Abdouch
- G Bahtiyar
- P Brantley
- FE Broyles
- G Canaris
- P Copeland
- JJ Craine
- WL Fein
- A Gliwa
- L Hope
- R Meiners
- V Meiners
- H O’Neal
- JE Park
- A Sacerdote
- E Sledge
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- L Doner Lotenberg
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- DM Tuncer
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003159
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11,
no. 2
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), conferring a greater relative risk in women than men. We sought to examine sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and management in the contemporary cohort represented by the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).Research design and methods GRADE enrolled 5047 participants (1837 women, 3210 men) with T2DM on metformin monotherapy at baseline. The current report is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected July 2013 to August 2017.Results Compared with men, women had a higher mean body mass index (BMI), greater prevalence of severe obesity (BMI≥40 kg/m2), higher mean LDL cholesterol, greater prevalence of low HDL cholesterol, and were less likely to receive statin treatment and achieve target LDL, with a generally greater prevalence of these risk factors in younger women. Women with hypertension were equally likely to achieve blood pressure targets as men; however, women were less likely to receive ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Women were more likely to be divorced, separated or widowed, and had fewer years of education and lower incomes.Conclusions This contemporary cohort demonstrates that women with T2DM continue to have a greater burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors than men, particularly younger women. Attention to these persisting disparities is needed to reduce the burden of CVD in women.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01794143)
