Influence of cross-section geometry on air demand ratio in high-head conduits with a radial gate

Abstract

When the gate of a high-head conduit is partly opened, negative pressure draws the air in through the air vent. Air that is entrained into the water is instantly forced downstream in the form of air bubbles. When studies on high-head gated conduits were examined, it was determined that the air demand ratio varied depending on many hydraulic and geometric parameters. This work has focused on determining the effect of conduit cross-section geometry on the air-demand ratio. A series of experiments were carried out on high-head radial gated conduits having different cross-section geometries. Experimental results showed that conduit cross-section geometry had an important effect on the air demand ratio especially in small gate opening rates. Further, design equations for the air demand ratio are presented relating the air demand ratio to Froude number, gate opening rate, and the ratio of gate opening to conduit length. HIGHLIGHTS An experimental study was conducted to investigate Qa/Qw of gated conduits using different cross-section geometry.; High head conduits can be used efficiently in the aeration of water.; Cross-sectional geometry does not have a significant effect on Qa/Qw at gate opening rates greater than 10%.; Equations have been developed to estimate Qa/Qw.;

Keywords

• air demand
• conduit
• cross-section geometry
• high-head flow
• radial gate