Poultry Science (Jul 2025)
Epidemiological characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in China from 2023 to 2024: Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV) is associated with atypical IBD
- Hangbo Yu,
- Guodong Wang,
- Wenying Zhang,
- Ziwen Wu,
- Xinxin Niu,
- Mengmeng Huang,
- Yulong Zhang,
- Runhang Liu,
- Jinze Han,
- Mengmeng Xu,
- Jingzhe Han,
- Dan Ling,
- Erjing Ke,
- Suyan Wang,
- Hongyu Cui,
- Yanping Zhang,
- Yuntong Chen,
- Yongzhen Liu,
- Yulu Duan,
- Yulong Gao,
- Xiaole Qi
Affiliations
- Hangbo Yu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Guodong Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Wenying Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Ziwen Wu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Xinxin Niu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Mengmeng Huang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Yulong Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Runhang Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Jinze Han
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Mengmeng Xu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Jingzhe Han
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Dan Ling
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Erjing Ke
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Yuntong Chen
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Yongzhen Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Yulu Duan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
- Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Corresponding authors at: Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
- Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Corresponding authors at: Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105195
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 104,
no. 7
p. 105195
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), threatens the global poultry industry with acute immunosuppression. The non-lethal novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) has been identified as the primary cause of a new outbreak of atypical IBD in China. However, since 2023, several poultry farms in China have continuously reported the detection of vvIBDV in chicken flocks exhibiting atypical IBD characteristics. To analyze this abnormal problem, the prevalence of IBDV in major poultry farming areas in China from 2023 to 2024 was monitored. Our epidemiological survey revealed four coexisting IBDV strains in China, nVarIBDV (69.9 %, 65/93) ranked the first, followed by vvIBDV (16.1 %, 15/93), attIBDV (8.6 %, 8/93), and cIBDV (5.4 %, 5/93). Notably, all these 15 vvIBDV strains detected in this study harbored single or combination mutations in the VP2 hypervariable region (HVR) including residue 279: D279N (seven strains), G254D/I256L/D279N (one strain), or A222T/G254D/I256L/D279N (seven strains). Furthermore, one representative strain of IBDV-NMG23-1701 which contained the D279N mutation was isolated. In the phylogenetic tree constructed based on the IBDV genome, IBDV-NMG23-1701 was located in the vvIBDV branch. However, IBDV-NMG23-1701 did not kill chickens directly but induced severe subclinical symptoms of atypical IBD. We named these strains mutated vvIBDV (mvvIBDV), which genotypically belonged to vvIBDV but exhibited atypical IBD symptoms. The mvvIBDV has been detected in several major poultry farming areas in China. This is the first study to identify mvvIBDV as a new pathogen causing atypical IBD, providing a scientific basis for optimizing prevention and control strategies.
Keywords
- Atypical IBD
- Novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV)
- Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV)
- Pathogenicity
- Subclinical symptoms
