Association between three‐dimensional gait kinematics and joint‐line inclination in osteoarthritic knees compared with normal knees: An epidemiological study

Abstract

Abstract Purpose No report has proven how tibial and femoral joint‐line inclinations affect thigh and shank motion, respectively, according to Kellgren–Lawrence grade in motion analysis with a sufficient sample size. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the motion of the thigh and shank individually from the ground and the relative motion between bones in a large‐sample motion analysis to determine the differences between normal and osteoarthritic knees and examine the effects of tibial and femoral joint‐line inclination on motion according to osteoarthritis (OA) grade. Methods Of 459 participants with healthy knees and varus knee OA undergoing three‐dimensional gait analysis, 383 (218 females and 165 males) with an average age of 68 ± 13 years were selected. Gait analysis was performed using a motion–capture system. The six degrees of freedom motion parameters of the knee in the Grood and world coordinate systems and the joint‐line inclination in the standing radiographs were measured. Results Osteoarthritic knees demonstrated a relative motion different from that of normal knees, with responsibility for the thigh in the sagittal and rotational planes and the thigh and shank in the coronal plane. The involvement of joint‐line inclination in motion was mainly on the tibial side, and the effect was minimal in normal knees. Conclusions The details of the relative motion of both the thigh and shank can be clarified by analysing individual motions to determine the responsible part. The tibial joint‐line affected knee motion: however, the effect was minimal in normal knees. This finding implies that if physical ability can be improved, the negative effects of deformity in osteoarthritic knees may be compensated for. Level of Evidence Level Ⅱ.

Keywords

• epidemiological study
• gait analysis
• joint‐line inclination
• KL grade
• knee osteoarthritis