Opportunities for Long-Range Magnon-Mediated Entanglement of Spin Qubits via On- and Off-Resonant Coupling

Abstract

The ability to manipulate entanglement between multiple spatially separated qubits is essential for quantum-information processing. Although nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond provide a promising qubit platform, developing scalable two-qubit gates remains a well-known challenge. To this end, magnon-mediated entanglement proposals have attracted attention due to their long-range spin-coherent propagation. Optimal device geometries and gate protocols of such schemes, however, have yet to be determined. Here we predict strong long-distance (>μm) NV-NV coupling via magnon modes with cooperativities exceeding unity in ferromagnetic bar and waveguide structures. Moreover, we explore and compare on-resonant transduction and off-resonant virtual-magnon exchange protocols, and discuss their suitability for generating or manipulating entangled states at low temperatures (T≲150mK) under realistic experimental conditions. This work will guide future experiments that aim to entangle spin qubits in solids with magnon excitations.