<i>Ofeleein i mi Vlaptin</i>—Volume II: Immunity Following Infection or mRNA Vaccination, Drug Therapies and Non-Pharmacological Management at Post-Two Years SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Jannis Kountouras,
Dimitra Gialamprinou,
Georgios Kotronis,
Apostolis Papaefthymiou,
Eleftheria Economidou,
Elpidoforos S. Soteriades,
Elisabeth Vardaka,
Dimitrios Chatzopoulos,
Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou,
Dimitrios David Papazoglou,
Michael Doulberis
Affiliations
Jannis Kountouras
Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54652 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
Dimitra Gialamprinou
Second Neonatal Department and NICU, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
Georgios Kotronis
Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Aghios Pavlos of Thessaloniki, 55134 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
Apostolis Papaefthymiou
Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54652 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
Eleftheria Economidou
School of Economics and Management, Healthcare Management Program, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia 12794, Cyprus
Elpidoforos S. Soteriades
School of Economics and Management, Healthcare Management Program, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia 12794, Cyprus
Elisabeth Vardaka
Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54652 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
Dimitrios Chatzopoulos
Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54652 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54652 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
Dimitrios David Papazoglou
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
Michael Doulberis
Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54652 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
The persistence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered research into limiting transmission, morbidity and mortality, thus warranting a comprehensive approach to guide balanced healthcare policies with respect to people’s physical and mental health. The mainstay priority during COVID-19 is to achieve widespread immunity, which could be established through natural contact or vaccination. Deep knowledge of the immune response combined with recent specific data indicates the potential inferiority of induced immunity against infection. Moreover, the prevention of transmission has been founded on general non-pharmacological measures of protection, albeit debate exists considering their efficacy and, among other issues, their socio-psychological burden. The second line of defense is engaged after infection and is supported by a plethora of studied agents, such as antibiotics, steroids and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, antiviral medications and other biological agents that have been proposed, though variability in terms of benefits and adverse events has not allowed distinct solutions, albeit certain treatments might have a role in prevention and/or treatment of the disease. This narrative review summarizes the existing literature on the advantages and weaknesses of current COVID-19 management measures, thus underlining the necessity of acting based on the classical principle of “ofeleein i mi vlaptin”, that is, to help or not to harm.
