Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global (Aug 2024)

Trends in anaphylaxis management during COVID-19

  • Walaa Hamadi, MD,
  • Thomas B. Casale, MD

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 3, no. 3
p. 100284

Abstract

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Background: Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction that commonly occurs in the community setting and is best managed with epinephrine. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic on trends in acute at-home anaphylactic events, including emergency room (ER) visits and treatment for anaphylaxis. Methods: We used data from 2 sources: survey data from the Food Allergy Research and Education Patient Registry and the electronic medical records of patients who presented to the Tampa General Hospital ER with a diagnosis of anaphylaxis. We collected data from events during the COVID-19 epidemic as well as before and after availability of the COVID-19 vaccine. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 190 Food Allergy Research and Education survey responses were completed. Of the 190 respondents, 63 reported that the COVID-19 pandemic changed how they responded to an allergic reaction. Of the 63 patients, 71% avoided seeking medical care outside the home, 30% used self-medication more quickly than usual, and 14% delayed their use of medication. Only 87 events (46%) were treated with epinephrine. From April 1, 2018, to March 31, 2022, a total of 4358 individuals presented to the Tampa General Hospital ER with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnosis code of anaphylaxis or allergic reaction. Only 718 individuals received epinephrine in the ER. In all, 867 patients presented 1 year before March 1, 2020 (before availability of the COVID-19 vaccine), and 1833 patients presented 1 year after April 1, 2021 (after availability of the vaccine). Conclusions: According to the survey and ER data capture, only 16% of patients received epinephrine. After COVID-19 vaccine availability there were more ER visits for anaphylaxis among patients seen in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

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