Feasibility study on calculating the Q value of shallow media by using a dense seismic array and a large-volume airgun source

Abstract

Abstract The feasibility of using a dense seismic array with an airgun source to study the quality factors of shallow media is verified. Data were obtained from 37 stations in the dense seismic array located in Binchuan, Yunnan Province, China, and the amplitude–distance attenuation method and the coda normalization method were applied to calculate the S-wave quality factors in the area. The amplitude–distance attenuation method yielded $${Q}_{s}^{-1}$$ Q s - 1 =0.0260 $$\pm$$ ± 0.0103, and the frequency-dependent $${Q}_{s}^{-1}$$ Q s - 1 calculated by the coda normalization method can be expressed by the power law $${Q}_{s}^{-1}(f)\cong 0.0554{f}^{-0.5643}$$ Q s - 1 ( f ) ≅ 0.0554 f - 0.5643 . The consistency between the results of these two methods shows that a dense seismic array with an airgun source can be used to study the attenuation characteristics of shallow media. The amplitudes at some points deviate substantially from the fitted curve and thus have a certain influence on the fitting results; hence, we must select high-precision data for the calculation. Given the topography, we speculate that the anomalous stations located on the edge of the Binchuan Basin and in the western hilly area are due to the edge effect of the basin and the weak attenuation of the hilly area and that the anomalous station located in the northern Binchuan depocenter is attributable to local site factors. Compared with the $${Q}_{s}^{-1}$$ Q s - 1 estimated by previous studies, the $${Q}_{s}^{-1}$$ Q s - 1 in the Binchuan area is found to lie between those of the hard soil and sedimentary rock and is similar to the $${Q}_{s}^{-1}$$ Q s - 1 in the North China Basin, corresponding to the shallow velocity structure in this area. Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• Airgun seismic source
• Dense array
• Q value
• Amplitude–distance attenuation
• Coda normalization