Frontiers in Marine Science (Apr 2022)
Gonad Transcriptome and Whole-Genome DNA Methylation Analyses Reveal Potential Sex Determination/Differentiation Mechanisms of the Deep-Sea Mussel Gigantidas platifrons
- Zhaoshan Zhong,
- Zhaoshan Zhong,
- Zhaoshan Zhong,
- Minxiao Wang,
- Minxiao Wang,
- Minxiao Wang,
- Hao Chen,
- Hao Chen,
- Hao Chen,
- Hao Wang,
- Hao Wang,
- Hao Wang,
- Huan Zhang,
- Huan Zhang,
- Huan Zhang,
- Li Zhou,
- Li Zhou,
- Li Zhou,
- Yan Sun,
- Yan Sun,
- Yan Sun,
- Lei Cao,
- Lei Cao,
- Lei Cao,
- Chao Lian,
- Chao Lian,
- Chao Lian,
- Mengna Li,
- Mengna Li,
- Mengna Li,
- Mengna Li,
- Chaolun Li,
- Chaolun Li,
- Chaolun Li,
- Chaolun Li
Affiliations
- Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Zhaoshan Zhong
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Minxiao Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Minxiao Wang
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Hao Chen
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Hao Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Hao Chen
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Hao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Hao Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Hao Wang
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Huan Zhang
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Huan Zhang
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Li Zhou
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Li Zhou
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Li Zhou
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Yan Sun
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Yan Sun
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Yan Sun
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Lei Cao
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Lei Cao
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Lei Cao
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Chao Lian
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Chao Lian
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Chao Lian
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Mengna Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Mengna Li
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Mengna Li
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Mengna Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Chaolun Li
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Chaolun Li
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Chaolun Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.856291
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 9
Abstract
Gigantidas platifrons is one of the most dominant deep-sea mussels in cold seeps ecosystems in the South China sea. Studies have shown that deep-sea mussels are a gonochoristic species, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of sex determination in G. platifrons. In this study, RNA-seq and WGBS methylation analysis were performed on adult G. platifrons gonads to identify potential sex-related genes and generate a comprehensive analysis of sex determination in deep-sea mussels. A total of 5923 genes were identified as differentially expressed between the ovaries and testes, of which 2711 were female-biased and 3212 were male-biased. Among them, 161 genes may participate in the sex determination, and we found that DMRT2 may play an important role in male sex determination, and FOXL2, Wnt7, and β-catenin may have impact on female sex determination. Moreover, common expression patterns were found in majority of the sex-related genes such as FOXL2, β-catenin, and genes in SOX family, suggesting the sex determination mechanisms of mussels in different habitats were conserved. The 5mC levels of transcription start sites (TSS2K) were significantly higher in sex-related genes than other DEGs in both gonads. Positive correlation was observed between sex-related genes expression and methylation in male, however, the effects of the DNA methylation on gene expression were complex in female. In short, we argue that sex determination mechanisms of deep-sea mussel G. platifrons is mainly controlled by genetic, and the methylation may have a regulation role on male sex determination or differentiation.
Keywords
- deep-sea mussel
- Gigantidas platifrons
- gonad transcriptome
- methylation
- sex determination and differentiation
