Medicina v Kuzbasse (Sep 2024)
NON-CARCINOGENIC RISK TO THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL CITY FROM THE INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS FROM AN ALUMINUM PLANT
Abstract
The study aim was to assess and analyze the non-carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of the city of Novokuznetsk from the influence of atmospheric emissions from the aluminum smelter. Materials and methods. The volume of maximum permissible emissions of the Novokuznetsk Aluminum Smelter was used in the work. Maximum and average concentrations of substances were calculated at 40 exposure points. Maximum permissible concentrations of substances were determined according to the Sanitary rules and norms 1.2.3685-21. The risk of developing non-carcinogenic effects were calculated according to Guideline 2.1.10.1920-04. The classification of risk levels was carried out on the basis of methodological recommendations 2.1.10.0156-19. 2.1.10. Results. To assess the risk, the following pollutants were selected: inorganic dust containing SiO2 < 20 %, sulfur dioxide, benzo(a)pyrene, hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, suspended substances, nitrogen oxide, carbon (soot). The maximum concentrations were 0.1-3.77 MAC for inorganic dust (SiO2 < 20 %), 0.1-2.64 MAC for hydrogen fluoride and 0.05-1.74 MAC for sulfur dioxide; average concentrations are up to 9.16 MAC for benzo(a)pyrene. Hazard indices for acute exposures were at acceptable levels; for chronic exposures corresponded to alarming and high levels, reaching the highest value (13.469) at the point located closer to the emission sources. Hazard indices for critical organs and systems in case of acute impacts, they were at acceptable or minimum (target) levels, and during chronic exposures they corresponded to alarming and high risk levels. The respiratory and immune systems were most affected. Residents of the Kuznetsk district of the city were most exposed to emissions. Conclusion. In the atmospheric air of residential areas adjacent to the territory of the aluminum smelter, increased concentrations of pollutants were detected, which determine alarming and high levels of non-carcinogenic risk to public health.
