Frontiers in Marine Science (Feb 2021)
Effects of Symbiodiniaceae Phylotypes in Clades A–E on Progeny Performance of Two Giant Clams (Tridacna squamosa and T. crocea) During Early History Life Stages in the South China Sea
- Chao Long,
- Chao Long,
- Chao Long,
- Chao Long,
- Chao Long,
- Yuehuan Zhang,
- Yuehuan Zhang,
- Yuehuan Zhang,
- Yuehuan Zhang,
- Yunqing Li,
- Yunqing Li,
- Yunqing Li,
- Yunqing Li,
- Yunqing Li,
- Jun Li,
- Jun Li,
- Jun Li,
- Jun Li,
- Zihua Zhou,
- Zihua Zhou,
- Zihua Zhou,
- Zihua Zhou,
- Yanping Qin,
- Yanping Qin,
- Yanping Qin,
- Yanping Qin,
- Xingyou Li,
- Xingyou Li,
- Xingyou Li,
- Xingyou Li,
- Xingyou Li,
- Haitao Ma,
- Haitao Ma,
- Haitao Ma,
- Haitao Ma,
- Jinkuan Wei,
- Jinkuan Wei,
- Jinkuan Wei,
- Jinkuan Wei,
- Yinyin Zhou,
- Yinyin Zhou,
- Yinyin Zhou,
- Yinyin Zhou,
- Yinyin Zhou,
- Zohaib Noor,
- Zohaib Noor,
- Zohaib Noor,
- Zohaib Noor,
- Zohaib Noor,
- Lijuan Long,
- Lijuan Long,
- Lijuan Long,
- Lijuan Long,
- Ziniu Yu,
- Ziniu Yu,
- Ziniu Yu,
- Ziniu Yu
Affiliations
- Chao Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Chao Long
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Chao Long
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chao Long
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Chao Long
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Yuehuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Yuehuan Zhang
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Yuehuan Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Yuehuan Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Yunqing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Yunqing Li
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Yunqing Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yunqing Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Yunqing Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Jun Li
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Jun Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Jun Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Zihua Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Zihua Zhou
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Zihua Zhou
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Zihua Zhou
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Yanping Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Yanping Qin
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Yanping Qin
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Yanping Qin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Xingyou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Xingyou Li
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Xingyou Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xingyou Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Xingyou Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Haitao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Haitao Ma
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Haitao Ma
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Haitao Ma
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Jinkuan Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Jinkuan Wei
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Jinkuan Wei
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Jinkuan Wei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Yinyin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Yinyin Zhou
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Yinyin Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yinyin Zhou
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Yinyin Zhou
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Zohaib Noor
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Zohaib Noor
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Zohaib Noor
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zohaib Noor
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Zohaib Noor
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Lijuan Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Lijuan Long
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Lijuan Long
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Lijuan Long
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Ziniu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Ziniu Yu
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
- Ziniu Yu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Ziniu Yu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biology Technology, Sanya Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.633761
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 8
Abstract
Unlike most bivalves, giant clams (tridacnids) harbor symbiotic microalgae (zooxanthellae) in their other fleshy bodies. The effects of mixed populations of zooxanthellae on larval metamorphosis has been reported in several papers, but there have been very few studies on the effects of single zooxanthella species on the establishment of symbiosis in giant clams. In this study, we obtained five pure zooxanthella species (clades A3, B1, C1, D1, E1) from antler coral by molecular identification, and analyzed their effects on the larval metamorphosis and progeny performance of two giant clams, Tridacna squamosa and T. crocea, in the South China Sea. Clam larvae with all five zooxanthella species underwent larval settlement and metamorphosis, and formed the zooxanthellal tubular system. There was some variation in metamorphic rate and time to metamorphosis between clams with different zooxanthella species, but no significant differences in size at metamorphosis. After metamorphosis, larvae with all zooxanthella types continued to develop normally. Mantle color was consistent within clam species and zooxanthella species had no effect on mantle color. However, clam progeny with clade E1 zooxanthellae were smaller than progeny with the other four zooxanthella clades (A3, B1, C1, and D1). Survival rate was over 90% for all progeny and there were no significant differences in survival between progeny with Symbiodinium clades A–E during the entire culture process. Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that giant clam species was the main factor influencing progeny growth, with some variation in growth attributable to zooxanthella type. Our results provide new information on both the symbiotic relationship between giant clams and zooxanthellae and the mantle coloration of giant clams, and will be useful in giant clam seed production and aquaculture.
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