The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
Shock Cooling and Possible Precursor Emission in the Early Light Curve of the Type II SN 2023ixf
- Griffin Hosseinzadeh,
- Joseph Farah,
- Manisha Shrestha,
- David J. Sand,
- Yize Dong,
- Peter J. Brown,
- K. Azalee Bostroem,
- Stefano Valenti,
- Saurabh W. Jha,
- Jennifer E. Andrews,
- Iair Arcavi,
- Joshua Haislip,
- Daichi Hiramatsu,
- Emily Hoang,
- D. Andrew Howell,
- Daryl Janzen,
- Jacob E. Jencson,
- Vladimir Kouprianov,
- Michael Lundquist,
- Curtis McCully,
- Nicolas E. Meza Retamal,
- Maryam Modjaz,
- Megan Newsome,
- Estefania Padilla Gonzalez,
- Jeniveve Pearson,
- Craig Pellegrino,
- Aravind P. Ravi,
- Daniel E. Reichart,
- Nathan Smith,
- Giacomo Terreran,
- József Vinkó
Affiliations
- Griffin Hosseinzadeh
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Joseph Farah
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Manisha Shrestha
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- David J. Sand
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Yize Dong
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- Peter J. Brown
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics & Astronomy , College Station, TX 77843, USA
- K. Azalee Bostroem
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Stefano Valenti
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- Saurabh W. Jha
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA
- Jennifer E. Andrews
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory , 670 North A‘ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USA
- Iair Arcavi
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Joshua Haislip
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina , 120 East Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Daichi Hiramatsu
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516, USA; The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions , USA
- Emily Hoang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- D. Andrew Howell
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Daryl Janzen
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan , 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Jacob E. Jencson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Vladimir Kouprianov
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina , 120 East Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Michael Lundquist
- ORCiD
- W.M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Māmalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743-8431, USA
- Curtis McCully
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Nicolas E. Meza Retamal
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- Maryam Modjaz
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy , 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA
- Megan Newsome
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Estefania Padilla Gonzalez
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Jeniveve Pearson
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Craig Pellegrino
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Aravind P. Ravi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington , Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Daniel E. Reichart
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina , 120 East Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Nathan Smith
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; [email protected]
- Giacomo Terreran
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA
- József Vinkó
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , 1 University Station C1400, Austin, TX 78712-0259, USA; Konkoly Observatory, CSFK, MTA Center of Excellence , Konkoly-Thege M. út 15-17, Budapest, 1121, Hungary; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics and Astronomy , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117 Hungary; Department of Experimental Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ace4c4
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 953,
no. 1
p. L16
Abstract
We present the densely sampled early light curve of the Type II supernova (SN) 2023ixf, first observed within hours of explosion in the nearby Pinwheel Galaxy (Messier 101; 6.7 Mpc). Comparing these data to recently updated models of shock-cooling emission, we find that the progenitor likely had a radius of 410 ± 10 R _⊙ . Our estimate is model dependent but consistent with a red supergiant. These models provide a good fit to the data starting about 1 day after the explosion, despite the fact that the classification spectrum shows signatures of circumstellar material around SN 2023ixf during that time. Photometry during the first day after the explosion, provided almost entirely by amateur astronomers, does not agree with the shock-cooling models or a simple power-law rise fit to data after 1 day. We consider the possible causes of this discrepancy, including precursor activity from the progenitor star, circumstellar interaction, and emission from the shock before or after it breaks out of the stellar surface. The very low luminosity (−11 mag > M > −14 mag) and short duration of the initial excess lead us to prefer a scenario related to prolonged emission from the SN shock traveling through the progenitor system.
Keywords
- Circumstellar matter
- Core-collapse supernovae
- Red supergiant stars
- Stellar mass loss
- Supernovae
- Type II supernovae
