Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review
Ali Raza,
Muhammad Ahsan Asghar,
Bushra Ahmad,
Cheng Bin,
M. Iftikhar Hussain,
Wang Li,
Tauseef Iqbal,
Muhammad Yaseen,
Iram Shafiq,
Zhang Yi,
Irshan Ahmad,
Wenyu Yang,
Liu Weiguo
Affiliations
Ali Raza
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhou 610000, China
Bushra Ahmad
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
Cheng Bin
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
M. Iftikhar Hussain
Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Wang Li
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Tauseef Iqbal
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Muhammad Yaseen
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Institute of Rice Research, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 625014, China
Iram Shafiq
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Zhang Yi
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Irshan Ahmad
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Wenyu Yang
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Liu Weiguo
Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.
