Modulation of Apoptotic, Cell Cycle, DNA Repair, and Senescence Pathways by Marine Algae Peptides in Cancer Therapy
Visuddho Visuddho,
Princella Halim,
Helen Helen,
Adi Muradi Muhar,
Muhammad Iqhrammullah,
Nelly Mayulu,
Reggie Surya,
Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata,
Rosy Iara Maciel Azambuja Ribeiro,
Trina Ekawati Tallei,
Nurpudji Astuti Taslim,
Bonglee Kim,
Rony Abdi Syahputra,
Fahrul Nurkolis
Affiliations
Visuddho Visuddho
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
Princella Halim
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
Helen Helen
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
Adi Muradi Muhar
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
Muhammad Iqhrammullah
Postgraduate Program of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh 23123, Indonesia
Nelly Mayulu
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Muhammadiyah Manado University, Manado 95249, Indonesia
Reggie Surya
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia
Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia
Rosy Iara Maciel Azambuja Ribeiro
Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Midwest Campus, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 36301-158, Brazil
Trina Ekawati Tallei
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
Bonglee Kim
Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
Rony Abdi Syahputra
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
Fahrul Nurkolis
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Marine algae, encompassing both macroalgae and microalgae, have emerged as a promising and prolific source of bioactive compounds with potent anticancer properties. Despite their significant therapeutic potential, the clinical application of these peptides is hindered by challenges such as poor bioavailability and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. To overcome these limitations, innovative delivery systems, particularly nanocarriers, have been explored. Nanocarriers, including liposomes, nanoparticles, and micelles, have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of marine algal peptides, ensuring controlled release and prolonged therapeutic effects. Marine algal peptides encapsulated in nanocarriers significantly enhance bioavailability, ensuring more efficient absorption and utilization in the body. Preclinical studies have shown promising results, indicating that nanocarrier-based delivery systems can significantly improve the pharmacokinetic profiles and therapeutic outcomes of marine algal peptides. This review delves into the diverse anticancer mechanisms of marine algal peptides, which include inducing apoptosis, disrupting cell cycle progression, and inhibiting angiogenesis. Further research focused on optimizing nanocarrier formulations, conducting comprehensive clinical trials, and continued exploration of marine algal peptides holds great promise for developing innovative, effective, and sustainable cancer therapies.