The role of dentistry in the diagnosis of Graft-versus-host disease

Abstract

Aim: elucidate which are the most appropriate ways to proceed so that there is an effective diagnosis of Graft-versus-Host Disease by the dentist. Literature review: Graft-versus-host disease affects several patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical signs are often manifested in the oral cavity only, reason why it is important the dentist to be aware of them. This pathology is caused by a complication of allogeneic HSCT, in which there is an activation response of donor T lymphocytes and a recognition of antigens against the recipient. Discussion: The most evident changes are ulcerated lesions, white streaks, mucocele, leukedema, bullous lesions, burning, pain and Xerostomia. These aspects tend to correspond to a diagnosis of malignant lesions, Sjogren's syndrome, lupus and lichen planus. A biopsy is essential for diagnosis as well as for grading the severity of Graft versus Host Disease. Conclusion: If the dental surgeon identifies any of the mentioned signs, he must alert the patient's medical team to start treatment to prevent the recurrence of the original disease.

Keywords

• doença enxerto-hospedeiro
• transplante de medula óssea
• odontologia