A Comparative Study of Cooling Techniques for Photovoltaic Panels: Active Cooling Techniques, A Review

Abstract

The primary goal of photovoltaic panels is to generate electricity. The efficiency of solar systems, in particular photovoltaic panels, is generally low. The performance of PV panels depends on many parameters, such as temperature. Studies have shown that panel efficiency decreases at a rate of (0.45 - 0.65) per one degree Celsius, so the decrease in temperatures of the photovoltaic cell leads to Higher performance, and therefore requires keeping the photocell as cool as possible. This can be achieved through the cooling system, which not only enhances the electrical efficiency of the PV module but also reduces its rate of deterioration over time, thus extending its life. In addition, the excess heat removed by the cooling system can be used in many applications. There are many cooling technologies available, including the use of air or water as the working fluid with motion generated by the circulation of the water, forced water heat exchanger, water mist, or the use of fans to circulate air. The cooling process using water is more effective than air, as the average temperature decreases from (9-17) degrees Celsius. This paper presented a review of relevant literature on active cooling for thermal regulation and electrical efficiency enhancement of PV modules. Research conducted in this field has shown that these techniques have been successfully applied to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells under various conditions.

Keywords

• Photovoltaic cooling techniques
• Active cooling porous media
• Air cooling
• Water cooling
• Nano fluid