International Journal for Equity in Health (Oct 2024)

Temporal trend in markers of nutritional status and food consumption of non-village indigenous people in Brazil

  • Brena Barreto Barbosa,
  • Greyceanne Cecília Dutra Brito,
  • Larissa Loures Mendes,
  • Lia Silveira Adriano,
  • Aline Martins de Carvalho,
  • Antonio Augusto Ferreira Carioca

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-024-02281-6
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 23, no. 1
pp. 1 – 10

Abstract

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Abstract Background Non-village indigenous people may face urban lifestyle influences, impacting their nutritional profile. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the temporal trends in the nutritional status (2008–2023) and food consumption (2015–2023) of non-village indigenous people in Brazil, using data from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN). Methods In this time series study, secondary data available on the SISVAN online platform were used. All records of non-village indigenous people from all regions of Brazil were evaluated. Nutritional status was assessed using height-for-age (H/A) and Body Mass Index-for-age (BMI/A) for children and adolescents, and BMI for adults and the elderly. Food consumption trends were analyzed using food consumption screeners, based on specific food groups consumed the day before the assessment. An annual percentage change (APC) was calculated using Prais-Winsten regression models. Results There was a reduction in severe stunting among children aged 2 to 4 years old (APC = -0.80%; p = 0.025) and 5 to 9 years old (APC = -4.02%; p < 0.001). Adolescents showed an increase in thinness (APC = 0.91%; p = 0.016) and obesity (APC = 4.38%; p < 0.001). In adults and the elderly, there was a decrease in underweight (APC = -5.59%; p = 0.002 and APC = -3.12%; p < 0.001, respectively) and an increase in obesity grade 1 and overweight (APC = 3.81%; p < 0.001 and APC = 1.82%; p < 0.001, respectively). There was an increase in vegetable consumption among children, adolescents and the elderly, and a rise in the consumption of hamburgers and sausages across all age groups. Conclusion There was an improvement in the nutritional status of children and adolescents, with reduced stunting, but a rise in obesity among adolescents, adults and the elderly. Food consumption trends showed increased consumption of vegetables and ultra-processed foods.

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