Macroprolactinemia in patients with hyperprolactinemia: an experience from a single tertiary center

Abstract

Macroprolactinemia frequently causes misdiagnosis, unnecessary investigation and inappropriate treatment in hyperprolactinemic patients. Aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Thai patients with macroprolactinemia. We performed a cross-sectional study in 56 hyperprolactinemic patients (51 women and 5 men) whose sera were subsequently tested for the presence of macroprolactin. Recovery of less than 40% of serum prolactin after polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation was indicative of macroprolactinemia. Our study revealed 19.64% (11/56) of patients with hyperprolactinemia were found to have a preponderance of macroprolactin. All patients with macroprolactinemia were women, of which eight of them were initially diagnosed as idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and mistreated with dopamine agonist medications. Interestingly, neuroradiological abnormalities were reported in three patients with macroprolactinemia, 2 cases with prolactinoma and one case with stalk effect hyperprolactinemia. In conclusion, nearly one-fifth of our patients with hyperprolactinemia have macroprolactinemia. This finding suggests that the diagnostic algorithm of all patients with hyperprolactinemia should include the PEG precipitation test as the initial step.

Keywords

• macroprolactinemia
• hyperprolactinemia
• polyethylene glycol precipitation