Yield variability of soybean varieties in the Non-Chernozem zone

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies on the yield variability of soybean varieties in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone. The change in the duration of vegetation and individual growth periods, depending on agro-climatic conditions, is shown, it is established that the need for water increases with the development of soybean plants, reaching a maximum during flowering and grain filling, decreasing after that. The total water demand for optimal yield ranges from 450 to 800 mm, depending on vegetation conditions, agricultural technology, and development phase. Based on the crop structure analysis, patterns of crop formation and its quality were revealed, it was found that the weather conditions of the growing season had a significant effect on the yield potential of soybeans of Maleta and Georgiya varieties, which averaged 2.7 t/ha over 2 years. The studied soybean varieties were characterized by a high potential of seed yield and protein productivity, adapted to the conditions of the region with sufficient moisture supply and arid conditions during certain vegetation periods.