Clustering molecular dynamics conformations of the CC’-loop of the PD-1 immuno-checkpoint receptor

Abstract

Molecular mechanisms within the checkpoint receptor PD-1 are essential for its activation by PD-L1 as well as for blocking such an activation via checkpoint inhibitors. We use molecular dynamics to scrutinize patterns of atomic motion in PD-1 without a ligand. Molecular dynamics is performed for the whole extracellular domain of PD-1, and the analysis focuses on its CC’-loop and some adjacent Cα-atoms. We extend previous work by applying common nearest neighbor clustering (Cnn) and compare the performance of this method with Daura clustering as well as UMAP dimension reduction and subsequent agglomerative linkage clustering. As compared to Daura clustering, we found Cnn less sensitive to cutoff selection and better able to return representative clusters for sets of different 3D atomic conformations. Interestingly, Cnn yields results quite similar to UMAP plus linkage clustering.

Keywords

• Molecular dynamics
• Checkpoint receptor
• Immune therapy
• Oncology
• Drug design
• Cluster analysis