Spinning gauged boson and Dirac stars: A comparative study

Abstract

Scalar boson stars and Dirac stars are solitonic solutions of the Einstein–Klein-Gordon and Einstein-Dirac classical equations, respectively. Despite the different bosonic vs. fermionic nature of the matter field, these solutions to the classical field equations have been shown to have qualitatively similar features [1]. In particular, for spinning stars the most fundamental configurations can be in both cases toroidal, unlike spinning Proca stars that are spheroidal [2]. In this paper we gauge the scalar and Dirac fields, by minimally coupling them to standard electromagnetism. We explore the impact of the gauge coupling on the resulting solutions. One of the most relevant difference concerns the gyromagnetic ratio, which for the scalar stars takes values around 1, whereas for Dirac stars takes values around 2.